
(a)
Interpretation: To calculate the molecular formula of each of the given compounds.
Concept Introduction: Molecular formula represents the number of atoms present in the given compound. Molecular formula is linked to gram molecular masses which are simple whole number multiples of the empirical formula. The molecular formula is given as
When the above formula is used it give rise to a whole number. The empirical formula will be multiplied with this whole number.
(a)

Answer to Problem 117A
Explanation of Solution
The given molar mass of the compound is 88 grams and the empirical formula is
First calculate the empirical formula mass
The molar mass of one carbon atom is 12 g/mol and there are two carbons atoms. Therefore, the molar mass of carbon atom is
The molar mass of one hydrogen atom is 1 g/mol and there are four hydrogen atoms. Therefore, the molar mass of the four hydrogen atoms is
The molar mass of one oxygen atom is 16 g/mol and there is only one oxygen atom. Therefore, the molar mass of one oxygen atom is
The total empirical formula mass will be 44 g/mol
Now the molecular formula can be determined by
Now multiply the empirical formula with the whole number therefore the molecular formula will be
(b)
Interpretation: To calculate the molecular formula of each of the given compounds.
Concept Introduction: Molecular formula represents the number of atoms present in the given compound. Molecular formula is linked to gram molecular masses which are simple whole number multiples of the empirical formula. The molecular formula is given as
When the above formula is used it give rise to a whole number. The empirical formula will be multiplied with this whole number.
(b)

Answer to Problem 117A
Explanation of Solution
The given molar mass of the compound is 104 grams and the empirical formula is
First calculate the empirical formula mass
The molar mass of one carbon atom is 12 g/mol and there is only one carbons atoms. Therefore, the molar mass of carbon atom is
The molar mass of one hydrogen atom is 1 g/mol and there is only one hydrogen atoms. Therefore, the molar mass of the hydrogen atoms is
The total empirical formula mass will be 13 g/mol
Now the molecular formula can be determined by
Now multiply the empirical formula with the whole number therefore the molecular formula will be
(c)
Interpretation: To calculate the molecular formula of each of the given compounds.
Concept Introduction: Molecular formula represents the number of atoms present in the given compound. Molecular formula is linked to gram molecular masses which are simple whole number multiples of the empirical formula. The molecular formula is given as
When the above formula is used it give rise to a whole number. The empirical formula will be multiplied with this whole number.
(c)

Answer to Problem 117A
Explanation of Solution
The given molar mass of the compound is 90 grams
First calculate the empirical formula from the percent composition
Step 1: divide the precent composition mass with the molar mass of each atom.
The molar mass of a single carbon atom is 12 g/mol. Therefore,
The molar mass of hydrogen atom is 1 g/mol. Therefore,
The Molar mass of one oxygen atom is 16 g/mol. Therefore,
Step 2: Divide the obtained numbers with the smallest whole number which is 2.22 then it will be
So, the atoms are in the ratio 1:1:2 therefore, the empirical formula will be
Now calculate the empirical formula mass
The molar mass of one carbon atom is 12 g/mol and there is only one carbons atoms. Therefore, the molar mass of carbon atom is
The molar mass of one hydrogen atom is 1 g/mol and there is only one hydrogen atoms. Therefore, the molar mass of the hydrogen atoms is
The molar mass of one oxygen atom is 16 g/mol and there is only one oxygen atom. Therefore, the molar mass of two oxygen atom is
The total empirical formula mass will be 45 g/mol
Now the molecular formula can be determined by
Now multiply the empirical formula with the whole number therefore the molecular formula will be
Chapter 14 Solutions
Chemistry 2012 Student Edition (hard Cover) Grade 11
- Explain what is the maximum absorbance of in which caffeine absorbs?arrow_forwardExplain reasons as to why the amount of caffeine extracted from both a singular extraction (5ml Mountain Dew) and a multiple extraction (2 x 5.0ml Mountain Dew) were severely high when compared to coca-cola?arrow_forwardProtecting Groups and Carbonyls 6) The synthesis generates allethrolone that exhibits high insect toxicity but low mammalian toxicity. They are used in pet shampoo, human lice shampoo, and industrial sprays for insects and mosquitos. Propose detailed mechanistic steps to generate the allethrolone label the different types of reagents (Grignard, acid/base protonation, acid/base deprotonation, reduction, oxidation, witting, aldol condensation, Robinson annulation, etc.) III + VI HS HS H+ CH,CH,Li III I II IV CI + P(Ph)3 V ༼ Hint: no strong base added VI S VII IX HO VIII -MgBr HgCl2,HgO HO. isomerization aqeuous solution H,SO, ༽༽༤༽༽ X MeOH Hint: enhances selectivity for reaction at the S X ☑arrow_forward
- Draw the complete mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydration of this alkene. esc 田 Explanation Check 1 888 Q A slock Add/Remove step Q F4 F5 F6 A བྲA F7 $ % 5 @ 4 2 3 & 6 87 Click and drag to start drawing a structure. © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Ce W E R T Y U S D LL G H IK DD 요 F8 F9 F10 F1 * ( 8 9 0 O P J K L Z X C V B N M H He commandarrow_forwardExplanation Check F1 H₂O H₂ Pd 1) MCPBA 2) H3O+ 1) Hg(OAc)2, H₂O 2) NaBH4 OH CI OH OH OH hydration halohydrin formation addition halogenation hydrogenation inhalation hydrogenation hydration ☐ halohydrin formation addition halogenation formation chelation hydrogenation halohydrin formation substitution hydration halogenation addition Ohalohydrin formation subtraction halogenation addition hydrogenation hydration F2 80 F3 σ F4 F5 F6 1 ! 2 # 3 $ 4 % 05 Q W & Å © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. F7 F8 ( 6 7 8 9 LU E R T Y U A F9arrow_forwardShow the mechanism steps to obtain the lowerenergy intermediate: *see imagearrow_forward
- Soap is made by the previous reaction *see image. The main difference between one soap and another soap isthe length (number of carbons) of the carboxylic acid. However, if a soap irritates your skin, they mostlikely used too much lye.Detergents have the same chemical structure as soaps except for the functional group. Detergentshave sulfate (R-SO4H) and phosphate (R-PO4H2) functional groups. Draw the above carboxylic acidcarbon chain but as the two variants of detergents. *see imagearrow_forwardWhat are the reactions or reagents used? *see imagearrow_forwardWhat are the reactions or reagents used? *see imagearrow_forward
- Provide the mechanism for this transformation: *see imagearrow_forwardAssign all the signals individually (please assign the red, green and blue)arrow_forwardThe two pKa values of oxalic acid are 1.25 and 3.81. Why are they not the same value? Show the protontransfer as part of your explanation. *see imagearrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY





