What is an ion has to be found and two examples have to be given. Concept Introduction: Ionizing radiation: Ionizing radiation carries energetic electrons from atoms or molecules and thus converts those atoms and molecules as ions. Apart from electrons, ionizing radiation is made up of other energetic sub-atomic particles, ions or atoms that are moving at high-speeds.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 13.6, Problem 13.14YT

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

What is an ion has to be found and two examples have to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Ionizing radiation:

Ionizing radiation carries energetic electrons from atoms or molecules and thus converts those atoms and molecules as ions. Apart from electrons, ionizing radiation is made up of other energetic sub-atomic particles, ions or atoms that are moving at high-speeds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The examples for species having unpaired electrons have to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Generation of free-radicals:

The free radicals are usually initiated by homolytic fission which is the chemical bond dissociation that takes place with the formation of two fragments each of which holds an electron of the bonded electron pair of the chemical bond.

Example:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How do radiation produces ions with unpaired electrons has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Ionizing radiation:

Ionizing radiation carries energetic electrons from atoms or molecules and thus converts those atoms and molecules as ions. Apart from electrons, ionizing radiation is made up of other energetic sub-atomic particles, ions or atoms that are moving at high-speeds.

Free radicals: Free radicals are fragments that are resulted from homolytic cleavage of a chemical bond and thus hold an unshared electron which is always represented by a dot. These species are highly unstable species and thus being highly reactive species.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How free radicals cause random mutation in DNA has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Ionizing radiation:

Ionizing radiation carries energetic electrons from atoms or molecules and thus converts those atoms and molecules as ions. Apart from electrons, ionizing radiation is made up of other energetic sub-atomic particles, ions or atoms that are moving at high-speeds.

• The advantage of using ionizing radiation:

Under controlled circumstances, the use of selective ionizing radiation targets to promote the death of cancerous cells.

• The disadvantage of using ionizing radiation:

The treatment of ionizing radiation involves the risk of causing damage to DNA and reproductive cells.

DNA:

DNA is a self-replicating genetic material that is present in all living organisms. It carries genetic information from one generation to the several successive generations. Basically it is a biopolymer of nucleotides which are monomeric units and each monomeric unit has three major components such as a deoxyribose sugar unit, a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.

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Feedback (4/10) 30% Retry Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Use the reaction conditions provided and follow the arrows to draw the reactant and missing intermediates involved in this reaction. Include all lone pairs and charges as appropriate. Ignore inorganic byproducts. Incorrect, 6 attempts remaining :0: Draw the Reactant H H3CO H- HIO: Ö-CH3 CH3OH2* protonation H. a H (+) H Ο CH3OH2 O: H3C protonation CH3OH deprotonation > CH3OH nucleophilic addition H. HO 0:0 Draw Intermediate a X

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 13.6, Problem 13.14YT

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

What is an ion has to be found and two examples have to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Ionizing radiation:

Ionizing radiation carries energetic electrons from atoms or molecules and thus converts those atoms and molecules as ions. Apart from electrons, ionizing radiation is made up of other energetic sub-atomic particles, ions or atoms that are moving at high-speeds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The examples for species having unpaired electrons have to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Generation of free-radicals:

The free radicals are usually initiated by homolytic fission which is the chemical bond dissociation that takes place with the formation of two fragments each of which holds an electron of the bonded electron pair of the chemical bond.

Example:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How do radiation produces ions with unpaired electrons has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Ionizing radiation:

Ionizing radiation carries energetic electrons from atoms or molecules and thus converts those atoms and molecules as ions. Apart from electrons, ionizing radiation is made up of other energetic sub-atomic particles, ions or atoms that are moving at high-speeds.

Free radicals: Free radicals are fragments that are resulted from homolytic cleavage of a chemical bond and thus hold an unshared electron which is always represented by a dot. These species are highly unstable species and thus being highly reactive species.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How free radicals cause random mutation in DNA has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Ionizing radiation:

Ionizing radiation carries energetic electrons from atoms or molecules and thus converts those atoms and molecules as ions. Apart from electrons, ionizing radiation is made up of other energetic sub-atomic particles, ions or atoms that are moving at high-speeds.

• The advantage of using ionizing radiation:

Under controlled circumstances, the use of selective ionizing radiation targets to promote the death of cancerous cells.

• The disadvantage of using ionizing radiation:

The treatment of ionizing radiation involves the risk of causing damage to DNA and reproductive cells.

DNA:

DNA is a self-replicating genetic material that is present in all living organisms. It carries genetic information from one generation to the several successive generations. Basically it is a biopolymer of nucleotides which are monomeric units and each monomeric unit has three major components such as a deoxyribose sugar unit, a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 13.6, Problem 13.14YT

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

What is an ion has to be found and two examples have to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Ionizing radiation:

Ionizing radiation carries energetic electrons from atoms or molecules and thus converts those atoms and molecules as ions. Apart from electrons, ionizing radiation is made up of other energetic sub-atomic particles, ions or atoms that are moving at high-speeds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The examples for species having unpaired electrons have to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Generation of free-radicals:

The free radicals are usually initiated by homolytic fission which is the chemical bond dissociation that takes place with the formation of two fragments each of which holds an electron of the bonded electron pair of the chemical bond.

Example:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How do radiation produces ions with unpaired electrons has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Ionizing radiation:

Ionizing radiation carries energetic electrons from atoms or molecules and thus converts those atoms and molecules as ions. Apart from electrons, ionizing radiation is made up of other energetic sub-atomic particles, ions or atoms that are moving at high-speeds.

Free radicals: Free radicals are fragments that are resulted from homolytic cleavage of a chemical bond and thus hold an unshared electron which is always represented by a dot. These species are highly unstable species and thus being highly reactive species.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How free radicals cause random mutation in DNA has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Ionizing radiation:

Ionizing radiation carries energetic electrons from atoms or molecules and thus converts those atoms and molecules as ions. Apart from electrons, ionizing radiation is made up of other energetic sub-atomic particles, ions or atoms that are moving at high-speeds.

• The advantage of using ionizing radiation:

Under controlled circumstances, the use of selective ionizing radiation targets to promote the death of cancerous cells.

• The disadvantage of using ionizing radiation:

The treatment of ionizing radiation involves the risk of causing damage to DNA and reproductive cells.

DNA:

DNA is a self-replicating genetic material that is present in all living organisms. It carries genetic information from one generation to the several successive generations. Basically it is a biopolymer of nucleotides which are monomeric units and each monomeric unit has three major components such as a deoxyribose sugar unit, a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 13.6, Problem 13.14YT

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

What is an ion has to be found and two examples have to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Ionizing radiation:

Ionizing radiation carries energetic electrons from atoms or molecules and thus converts those atoms and molecules as ions. Apart from electrons, ionizing radiation is made up of other energetic sub-atomic particles, ions or atoms that are moving at high-speeds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The examples for species having unpaired electrons have to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Generation of free-radicals:

The free radicals are usually initiated by homolytic fission which is the chemical bond dissociation that takes place with the formation of two fragments each of which holds an electron of the bonded electron pair of the chemical bond.

Example:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How do radiation produces ions with unpaired electrons has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Ionizing radiation:

Ionizing radiation carries energetic electrons from atoms or molecules and thus converts those atoms and molecules as ions. Apart from electrons, ionizing radiation is made up of other energetic sub-atomic particles, ions or atoms that are moving at high-speeds.

Free radicals: Free radicals are fragments that are resulted from homolytic cleavage of a chemical bond and thus hold an unshared electron which is always represented by a dot. These species are highly unstable species and thus being highly reactive species.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How free radicals cause random mutation in DNA has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Ionizing radiation:

Ionizing radiation carries energetic electrons from atoms or molecules and thus converts those atoms and molecules as ions. Apart from electrons, ionizing radiation is made up of other energetic sub-atomic particles, ions or atoms that are moving at high-speeds.

• The advantage of using ionizing radiation:

Under controlled circumstances, the use of selective ionizing radiation targets to promote the death of cancerous cells.

• The disadvantage of using ionizing radiation:

The treatment of ionizing radiation involves the risk of causing damage to DNA and reproductive cells.

DNA:

DNA is a self-replicating genetic material that is present in all living organisms. It carries genetic information from one generation to the several successive generations. Basically it is a biopolymer of nucleotides which are monomeric units and each monomeric unit has three major components such as a deoxyribose sugar unit, a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.

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Answer 5

Chapter 13.6, Problem 13.14YT

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

What is an ion has to be found and two examples have to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Ionizing radiation:

Ionizing radiation carries energetic electrons from atoms or molecules and thus converts those atoms and molecules as ions. Apart from electrons, ionizing radiation is made up of other energetic sub-atomic particles, ions or atoms that are moving at high-speeds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The examples for species having unpaired electrons have to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Generation of free-radicals:

The free radicals are usually initiated by homolytic fission which is the chemical bond dissociation that takes place with the formation of two fragments each of which holds an electron of the bonded electron pair of the chemical bond.

Example:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How do radiation produces ions with unpaired electrons has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Ionizing radiation:

Ionizing radiation carries energetic electrons from atoms or molecules and thus converts those atoms and molecules as ions. Apart from electrons, ionizing radiation is made up of other energetic sub-atomic particles, ions or atoms that are moving at high-speeds.

Free radicals: Free radicals are fragments that are resulted from homolytic cleavage of a chemical bond and thus hold an unshared electron which is always represented by a dot. These species are highly unstable species and thus being highly reactive species.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How free radicals cause random mutation in DNA has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Ionizing radiation:

Ionizing radiation carries energetic electrons from atoms or molecules and thus converts those atoms and molecules as ions. Apart from electrons, ionizing radiation is made up of other energetic sub-atomic particles, ions or atoms that are moving at high-speeds.

• The advantage of using ionizing radiation:

Under controlled circumstances, the use of selective ionizing radiation targets to promote the death of cancerous cells.

• The disadvantage of using ionizing radiation:

The treatment of ionizing radiation involves the risk of causing damage to DNA and reproductive cells.

DNA:

DNA is a self-replicating genetic material that is present in all living organisms. It carries genetic information from one generation to the several successive generations. Basically it is a biopolymer of nucleotides which are monomeric units and each monomeric unit has three major components such as a deoxyribose sugar unit, a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.

Answer 6

Chapter 13.6, Problem 13.14YT

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

What is an ion has to be found and two examples have to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Ionizing radiation:

Ionizing radiation carries energetic electrons from atoms or molecules and thus converts those atoms and molecules as ions. Apart from electrons, ionizing radiation is made up of other energetic sub-atomic particles, ions or atoms that are moving at high-speeds.

Answer 7

Chapter 13.6, Problem 13.14YT

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

What is an ion has to be found and two examples have to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Ionizing radiation:

Ionizing radiation carries energetic electrons from atoms or molecules and thus converts those atoms and molecules as ions. Apart from electrons, ionizing radiation is made up of other energetic sub-atomic particles, ions or atoms that are moving at high-speeds.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The examples for species having unpaired electrons have to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Generation of free-radicals:

The free radicals are usually initiated by homolytic fission which is the chemical bond dissociation that takes place with the formation of two fragments each of which holds an electron of the bonded electron pair of the chemical bond.

Example:

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The examples for species having unpaired electrons have to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Generation of free-radicals:

The free radicals are usually initiated by homolytic fission which is the chemical bond dissociation that takes place with the formation of two fragments each of which holds an electron of the bonded electron pair of the chemical bond.

Example:

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How do radiation produces ions with unpaired electrons has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Ionizing radiation:

Ionizing radiation carries energetic electrons from atoms or molecules and thus converts those atoms and molecules as ions. Apart from electrons, ionizing radiation is made up of other energetic sub-atomic particles, ions or atoms that are moving at high-speeds.

Free radicals: Free radicals are fragments that are resulted from homolytic cleavage of a chemical bond and thus hold an unshared electron which is always represented by a dot. These species are highly unstable species and thus being highly reactive species.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How do radiation produces ions with unpaired electrons has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Ionizing radiation:

Ionizing radiation carries energetic electrons from atoms or molecules and thus converts those atoms and molecules as ions. Apart from electrons, ionizing radiation is made up of other energetic sub-atomic particles, ions or atoms that are moving at high-speeds.

Free radicals: Free radicals are fragments that are resulted from homolytic cleavage of a chemical bond and thus hold an unshared electron which is always represented by a dot. These species are highly unstable species and thus being highly reactive species.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How free radicals cause random mutation in DNA has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Ionizing radiation:

Ionizing radiation carries energetic electrons from atoms or molecules and thus converts those atoms and molecules as ions. Apart from electrons, ionizing radiation is made up of other energetic sub-atomic particles, ions or atoms that are moving at high-speeds.

• The advantage of using ionizing radiation:

Under controlled circumstances, the use of selective ionizing radiation targets to promote the death of cancerous cells.

• The disadvantage of using ionizing radiation:

The treatment of ionizing radiation involves the risk of causing damage to DNA and reproductive cells.

DNA:

DNA is a self-replicating genetic material that is present in all living organisms. It carries genetic information from one generation to the several successive generations. Basically it is a biopolymer of nucleotides which are monomeric units and each monomeric unit has three major components such as a deoxyribose sugar unit, a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How free radicals cause random mutation in DNA has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Ionizing radiation:

Ionizing radiation carries energetic electrons from atoms or molecules and thus converts those atoms and molecules as ions. Apart from electrons, ionizing radiation is made up of other energetic sub-atomic particles, ions or atoms that are moving at high-speeds.

• The advantage of using ionizing radiation:

Under controlled circumstances, the use of selective ionizing radiation targets to promote the death of cancerous cells.

• The disadvantage of using ionizing radiation:

The treatment of ionizing radiation involves the risk of causing damage to DNA and reproductive cells.

DNA:

DNA is a self-replicating genetic material that is present in all living organisms. It carries genetic information from one generation to the several successive generations. Basically it is a biopolymer of nucleotides which are monomeric units and each monomeric unit has three major components such as a deoxyribose sugar unit, a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.

Answer 14

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Answer 17

Ch. 13.2 - Skill Building Small, but Important Differences...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 13.2YT Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 13.3YT Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 13.4YT Ch. 13.3 - Skill Building Complementary Base Sequences...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 13.6YT Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 13.7YT Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 13.8YT Ch. 13.4 - Prob. 13.9YT Ch. 13.4 - Prob. 13.10YT

Solution Summary: The author explains that ionizing radiation carries energetic electrons from atoms or molecules and converts them into ions.

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