Chapter 13, Problem 63E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The Lewis structure for HCN that obey the octet rule needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot structure is the representation which shows the bonding between atoms present in a molecule. It shows lone pairs and bond pairs that exist on each bonded atom. Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure.

The sum of valence electrons must be arranged in such a way that all atoms must get octet configuration (8 electrons).

Answer to Problem 63E

  

Explanation of Solution

The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons. To draw the Lewis structure, calculate the total number of valence electrons in each atom and draw the structure in such a way that each atom gets its octet configuration.

Total number of valence electrons in HCN:

  $(1\times 1)+(4\times 1)+(5\times 1)=10$

Hence the best Lewis structure for HCN must be:

  

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The Lewis structure for ${\text{PH}}_{\text{3}}$ that obey the octet rule needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot structure is the representation which shows the bonding between atoms present in a molecule. It shows lone pairs and bond pairs that existing on each bonded atom. Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure.

The sum of valence electrons must be arranged in such a way that all atoms must get octet configuration (8 electrons).

Answer to Problem 63E

  

Explanation of Solution

The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons. To draw the Lewis structure, calculate the total number of valence electrons in each atom and draw the structure in such a way that each atom gets its octet configuration.

Total number of valence electrons in ${\text{PH}}_{\text{3}}$ :

  $(3\times 1)+(5\times 1)=8$

Hence the best Lewis structure for ${\text{PH}}_{\text{3}}$ must be:

  

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The Lewis structure for ${\text{CHCl}}_{\text{3}}$ that obey the octet rule needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot structure is the representation which shows the bonding between atoms present in a molecule. It shows lone pairs and bond pairs that existing on each bonded atom. Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure.

The sum of valence electrons must be arranged in such a way that all atoms must get octet configuration (8 electrons).

Answer to Problem 63E

  

Explanation of Solution

The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons. To draw the Lewis structure, calculate the total number of valence electrons in each atom and draw the structure in such a way that each atom gets its octet configuration.

Total number of valence electrons in ${\text{CHCl}}_{\text{3}}$ :

  $(1\times 4)+(3\times 1)+(7\times 1)=14$

Hence the best Lewis structure for ${\text{CHCl}}_{\text{3}}$ must be:

  

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The Lewis structure for ${\text{NH}}_4^{+}$ that obey the octet rule needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot structure is the representation which shows the bonding between atoms present in a molecule. It shows lone pairs and bond pairs that existing on each bonded atom. Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure.

The sum of valence electrons must be arranged in such a way that all atoms must get octet configuration (8 electrons).

Answer to Problem 63E

  

Explanation of Solution

The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons. To draw the Lewis structure, calculate the total number of valence electrons in each atom and draw the structure in such a way that each atom gets its octet configuration.

Total number of valence electrons in ${\text{NH}}_4^{+}$ :

  $(1\times 5)+(4\times 1)-1=8$

Hence the best Lewis structure for ${\text{NH}}_4^{+}$ must be:

  

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The Lewis structure for ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{CO}$ that obey the octet rule needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot structure is the representation which shows the bonding between atoms present in a molecule. It shows lone pairs and bond pairs that existing on each bonded atom. Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure.

The sum of valence electrons must be arranged in such a way that all atoms must get octet configuration (8 electrons).

Answer to Problem 63E

  

Explanation of Solution

The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons. To draw the Lewis structure, calculate the total number of valence electrons in each atom and draw the structure in such a way that each atom gets its octet configuration.

Total number of valence electrons in ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{CO}$ :

  $(2\times 1)+(1\times 4)+(1\times 6)=12$

Hence the best Lewis structure for ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{CO}$ must be:

  

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The Lewis structure for ${\text{SeF}}_{\text{2}}$ that obey the octet rule needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot structure is the representation which shows the bonding between atoms present in a molecule. It shows lone pairs and bond pairs that existing on each bonded atom. Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure.

The sum of valence electrons must be arranged in such a way that all atoms must get octet configuration (8 electrons).

Answer to Problem 63E

  

Explanation of Solution

The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons. To draw the Lewis structure, calculate the total number of valence electrons in each atom and draw the structure in such a way that each atom gets its octet configuration.

Total number of valence electrons in ${\text{SeF}}_{\text{2}}$ :

  $(1\times 6)+(2\times 7)=20$

Hence the best Lewis structure for ${\text{SeF}}_{\text{2}}$ must be:

  

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The Lewis structure for ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ that obey the octet rule needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot structure is the representation which shows the bonding between atoms present in a molecule. It shows lone pairs and bond pairs that existing on each bonded atom. Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure.

The sum of valence electrons must be arranged in such a way that all atoms must get octet configuration (8 electrons).

Answer to Problem 63E

  

Explanation of Solution

The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons. To draw the Lewis structure, calculate the total number of valence electrons in each atom and draw the structure in such a way that each atom gets its octet configuration.

Total number of valence electrons in ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ :

  $(1\times 4)+(2\times 6)=16$

Hence the best Lewis structure for ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ must be:

  

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The Lewis structure for ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ that obey the octet rule needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot structure is the representation which shows the bonding between atoms present in a molecule. It shows lone pairs and bond pairs that existing on each bonded atom. Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure.

The sum of valence electrons must be arranged in such a way that all atoms must get octet configuration (8 electrons).

Answer to Problem 63E

  

Explanation of Solution

The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons. To draw the Lewis structure, calculate the total number of valence electrons in each atom and draw the structure in such a way that each atom gets its octet configuration.

Total number of valence electrons in ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ :

  $(2\times 6)=12$

Hence the best Lewis structure for ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ must be:

  

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The Lewis structure for $\text{HBr}$ that obey the octet rule needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot structure is the representation which shows the bonding between atoms present in a molecule. It shows lone pairs and bond pairs that existing on each bonded atom. Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure.

The sum of valence electrons must be arranged in such a way that all atoms must get octet configuration (8 electrons).

Answer to Problem 63E

  

Explanation of Solution

The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons. To draw the Lewis structure, calculate the total number of valence electrons in each atom and draw the structure in such a way that each atom gets its octet configuration.

Total number of valence electrons in $\text{HBr}$ :

  $(1\times 1)+(1\times 7)=8$

Hence the best Lewis structure for $\text{HBr}$ must be: