Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The given property of the ionic compound related to the electrical conductivity needs to be discussed.
Concept Introduction:
A chemical compound can be formed by either ionic bond or covalent bond between bonded atoms. The ionic compound is formed by opposite charge ions; cations and anions. The covalent compound is formed by sharing of electrons between bonded atoms.
Atoms always take the way which is easier or involves less number of electrons. Therefore the atom with 1, 2, 3 valence electrons usually tend to loss electrons and form cation whereas the atom with 4, 5, valence electrons usually share electrons to form covalent bond. The atoms with 6, 7 valence electrons tend to form anion by gain of electron.
(b)
Interpretation: The reason of high melting and boiling point of ionic compound needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
A chemical compound can be formed by either ionic bond or covalent bond between bonded atoms. The ionic compound is formed by opposite charge ions; cations and anions. The covalent compound is formed by sharing of electrons between bonded atoms.
Atoms always take the way which is easier or involves less number of electrons. Therefore the atom with 1, 2, 3 valence electrons usually tend to loss electrons and form cation whereas the atom with 4, 5, valence electrons usually share electrons to form covalent bond. The atoms with 6, 7 valence electrons tend to form anion by gain of electron.
(c)
Interpretation: The reason for the brittleness of ionic compound needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
A chemical compound can be formed by either ionic bond or covalent bond between bonded atoms. The ionic compound is formed by opposite charge ions; cations and anions. The covalent compound is formed by sharing of electrons between bonded atoms.
Atoms always take the way which is easier or involves less number of electrons. Therefore the atom with 1, 2, 3 valence electrons usually tend to loss electrons and form cation whereas the atom with 4, 5, valence electrons usually share electrons to form covalent bond. The atoms with 6, 7 valence electrons tend to form anion by gain of electron.
(d)
Interpretation: The reason of solubility of ionic compound in polar solvents needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
A chemical compound can be formed by either ionic bond or covalent bond between bonded atoms. The ionic compound is formed by opposite charge ions; cations and anions. The covalent compound is formed by sharing of electrons between bonded atoms.
Atoms always take the way which is easier or involves less number of electrons. Therefore the atom with 1, 2, 3 valence electrons usually tend to loss electrons and form cation whereas the atom with 4, 5, valence electrons usually share electrons to form covalent bond. The atoms with 6, 7 valence electrons tend to form anion by gain of electron.

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Chapter 13 Solutions
Chemical Principles
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- Show how each of the following transformations might be best accomplished. More than one step may required. Show all reagents and all intermediate structures. [4 only] CH3 A. CH CH2 C Br CH3 CH3 CH3CH2 C NH2 CH3 B OH any source of carbon N MIHarrow_forwardConsider the reaction below to answer the following questions. 0 0 25 PS ES 1919sds-III msx H H + 5% NaOCH 3, CH3OHA O CH₂OH Jeiniog 2E1 gniwool of mor]. Ignibuloni 9vil 19 A B 11 >buoqm gniwollol so dass 101 tomboy boo-11Coble or to r ton auch i viw ninlaxs, noitsausbroo 152 lobla ogsbau ton 250b br A. Which carbonyl compound functions as the electrophile in this reaction? B. Draw the structure of the enolate ion that is generated during the course of this reaction. C. This reaction is an example of: a. a mixed Claisen condensation. b. C. d. a Dieckman condensation. a Michael reaction. a mixed aldol reaction. HD HDarrow_forwardConsider the reaction below to answer the following questions: 847 Acetoacetic ester can be prepared by the Claisen self-condensation reaction of ethyl acetate. H₁C 0 H 0 IL 유 || OCH2CH3 1. NaOEt, EtOH C 2. H₂O H3C CH₂ Cold not tobizmo. S OCH2CH3 A. Write the complete stepwise mechanism for this reaction. Show all electron flow with arrows and draw all intermediate structures. B. Ethyl acetate can be prepared from ethanol as the only organic starting material. Show all reagents and structures for all intermediates in this preparation. C. Give the structures of the ester precursors for the following Claisen condensation product and formulate the reaction. ou OELarrow_forward
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- . Each of the following compounds can be prepared by a mixed aldol condensation reaction. Give the Cructures of the aldehyde and/or ketone precursors for each aldol product and formulate the reaction. 0 CH=CHCCH 3. Ph 1arrow_forward. Consider the reaction below to answer the following question: H NaOEt H BOH بلی H + H₂O A. Write the complete stepwise mechanism for the reaction above. Show all intermediate structures and all electron flow with arrows. B. This reaction is an example of: an intramolecular aldol condensation a. an intramolecular Claisen condensation b. C. d. a Robinson annulation a Michael reaction C. The product of this reaction is: a. b. C. d. a ẞ. y-unsaturated aldehyde an a, B-unsaturated ketone an a, B-unsaturated aldehyde an enolarrow_forwardClassify each of the following nitrogen atoms in the following compounds as primary, secondary, tiary, or quaternary. A. B. C. CH3 HO-CHCHNHCH3 ephedrine CH CHCH3 amphetamine NH₂ D. CF H3C CH3 mapiquat chloride HO fexofenadine OH H3C CH3 CO₂Harrow_forward
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