Thinking Like an Engineer: An Active Learning Approach (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134639673
Author: Elizabeth A. Stephan, David R. Bowman, William J. Park, Benjamin L. Sill, Matthew W. Ohland
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 13, Problem 22ICA
As a reminder, the Reynolds number is discussed in Chapter 9. Dimensionless Number.
When discussing the flow of a fluid through a piping system, we say that friction occurs between the fluid and the pipe wall due to viscous drag. The loss of energy due to the friction against the pipe wall is described by the friction factor. The Darcy friction factor (f) was developed by Henry Darcy (1803–1858), a French scientist who made several important contributions to the field of hydraulics. The friction factor depends on several other factors, including flow regime, Reynolds number, and pipe roughness. The friction factor can be determined in several ways, including from the Moody diagram (show below).
Olive oil having a specific gravity of 0.914 and viscosity of 100.8 centipoise is draining by gravity from the bottom of a tank. The drain line from the tank is a 4-diameter pipe made of commercial steel (pipe roughness, ε=0.045 millimeters). The velocity is 11 meters per second. Determine the friction factor for this system, using the following process.
Step 1: Determine the Reynolds number:
Step 2: Determine flow regime.
- If the flow is laminar (Re £ 2000), continue with step 4.
- If the flow is turbulent or transitional (Re > 2000), continue with step 3.
Step 3: Determine the relative roughness ratio: (ε/D).
Step 4: Determine the Darcy friction factor (f) from the diagram.
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Start from the following equations from class notes (treat as given):
The shear stress in pipe flow T = -μ- dr
du
16 [1-(-)²),
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The fluid velocity in the pipe u =
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Thinking Like an Engineer: An Active Learning Approach (4th Edition)
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