Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 13, Problem 21RA
Step by step, describe the pressure changes that occur in the ventricles during the cardiac cycle. Explain how these pressure changes relate to the occurrence of the heart sounds.
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Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption
1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.
Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable)
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data
(b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data
c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data
(d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip
(e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
(f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo
3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug:
(a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate)
(b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax).
(c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).
(d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.)
(e)…
Chapter 13 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 13 - State the components of the circulatory system...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1bCPCh. 13 - Prob. 2CPCh. 13 - Prob. 3CPCh. 13 - Describe how the rate of erythropoiesis is...Ch. 13 - Prob. 5aCPCh. 13 - Prob. 5bCPCh. 13 - Using a flow diagram (arrows), describe the...Ch. 13 - Use a flow diagram to describe the systemic...Ch. 13 - List the AV valves and the valves of the pulmonary...
Ch. 13 - Discuss how defective valves affect blood flow...Ch. 13 - Prob. 7bCPCh. 13 - Prob. 8aCPCh. 13 - Prob. 8bCPCh. 13 - Draw a figure to illustrate the pressure...Ch. 13 - Prob. 10aCPCh. 13 - Using a line diagram, illustrate a myocardial...Ch. 13 - Draw an ECG and label the waves. Indicate the...Ch. 13 - Draw a figure that shows the relationship between...Ch. 13 - Prob. 11cCPCh. 13 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 13 - Prob. 12bCPCh. 13 - Explain the functions of capillaries and describe...Ch. 13 - Prob. 14CPCh. 13 - Prob. 15CPCh. 13 - Identify normal and pathological causes of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 16bCPCh. 13 - Prob. 17aCPCh. 13 - Explain how the lymphatic system and the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 18CPCh. 13 - Prob. 1RACh. 13 - All arteries in the body contain oxygen-rich blood...Ch. 13 - The "lub," or first heart sound, is produced by...Ch. 13 - The first heart sound is produced at
Ch. 13 - Changes in the cardiac rate primarily reflect...Ch. 13 - Prob. 6RACh. 13 - Prob. 7RACh. 13 - The cells that normally have the fastest rate of...Ch. 13 - Which of these statements is true? a. The heart...Ch. 13 - Prob. 10RACh. 13 - Prob. 11RACh. 13 - Prob. 12RACh. 13 - Prob. 13RACh. 13 - Prob. 14RACh. 13 - Prob. 15RACh. 13 - During the phase of isovolumetric relaxation of...Ch. 13 - Peristaltic waves of contraction move fluid within...Ch. 13 - Describe how the pacemaker cells produce a...Ch. 13 - What characteristic of the SA node distinguishes...Ch. 13 - Compare the duration of the heart's contraction...Ch. 13 - Step by step, describe the pressure changes that...Ch. 13 - Can a detective valve be detected by an ECG? Can a...Ch. 13 - Describe the causes of the P, QRS, and T waves of...Ch. 13 - The lungs are the only organs that receive the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 25RACh. 13 - Prob. 26RACh. 13 - Prob. 27RACh. 13 - Prob. 28RACh. 13 - Prob. 29RACh. 13 - Prob. 30RACh. 13 - Prob. 31RACh. 13 - Prob. 32RACh. 13 - Prob. 33RACh. 13 - Prob. 34RACh. 13 - Prob. 35RACh. 13 - Prob. 36RACh. 13 - Prob. 37RACh. 13 - Prob. 38RACh. 13 - Prob. 39RACh. 13 - Prob. 40RACh. 13 - Prob. 41RACh. 13 - Prob. 42RA
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