Chapter 12.2, Problem 12.3PP

Classify the carbon atoms in each compound as 1°, 2°, 3°, or 4°.

a. $C{H}_{3}C{H}_{2}C{H}_{2}C{H}_3$

b. ${\left(C{H}_3\right)}_{3}CH$

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The carbon in the following compound should be classified as $1°$ , $2°$ , $3°$ or $4°$.

  ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}$

Concept Introduction:

Compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen is known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Saturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon single bond is present as carbon is linked with four atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon multiple bonds are present that is double and triple bond.

In organic chemistry, carbons are classified as primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary carbons.

Primary carbon ( $1°$ ) is defined as the carbon which is bonded to other carbon atom and it is present at the end of chain.

Secondary carbon ( $2°$ ) is defined as the carbon which is bonded to two other carbon atoms.

Tertiary carbon ( $3°$ ) is defined as the carbon which is bonded to other three carbon atoms.

Quaternary carbon ( $4°$ ) is defined as the carbon which is bonded to four other carbon atoms.

Answer to Problem 12.3PP

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}$.

According to the above structure of compound, the terminal carbons present on both sides of the chain is classified as primary carbon as they are linked with one other carbon atom whereas carbon atoms which are present in between the terminal carbonsof the chain are linked with two other carbon atoms thus, classified as secondary carbon.

Thus, two primary and two secondary carbons are present in the structure.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The carbon in the following compound should be classified as $1°$ , $2°$ , $3°$ or $4°$.

  ${{\text{(CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{)}}_3\text{CH}$

Concept Introduction:

Compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen is known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Saturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon single bond is present as carbon is linked with four atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon multiple bonds are present that is double and triple bond.

In organic chemistry, carbons are classified as primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary carbons.

Primary carbon ( $1°$ ) is defined as the carbon which is bonded to other carbon atom and it is present at the end of chain.

Secondary carbon ( $2°$ ) is defined as the carbon which is bonded to two other carbon atoms.

Tertiary carbon ( $3°$ ) is defined as the carbon which is bonded to other three carbon atoms.

Quaternary carbon ( $4°$ ) is defined as the carbon which is bonded to four other carbon atoms.

Answer to Problem 12.3PP

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is ${{\text{(CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{)}}_3\text{CH}$.

According to the above structure of compound, the terminal carbons (3 carbons) present is classified as primary carbon as they are linked with one other carbon atom whereas carbon atom which is present in the middle linked with three other carbon atoms thus, classified as tertiary carbon.

Thus, three primary carbons and onetertiary carbon atom are present in the structure.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The carbon in the following compound should be classified as $1°$ , $2°$ , $3°$ or $4°$.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen is known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Saturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon single bond is present as carbon is linked with four atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon multiple bonds are present that is double and triple bond.

In organic chemistry, carbons are classified as primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary carbons.

Primary carbon ( $1°$ ) is defined as the carbon which is bonded to other carbon atom and it is present at the end of chain.

Secondary carbon ( $2°$ ) is defined as the carbon which is bonded to two other carbon atoms.

Tertiary carbon ( $3°$ ) is defined as the carbon which is bonded to other three carbon atoms.

Quaternary carbon ( $4°$ ) is defined as the carbon which is bonded to four other carbon atoms.

Answer to Problem 12.3PP

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is

According to the above structure of compound, the terminal carbons (3 carbons) present is classified as primary carbon as they are linked with one other carbon atom whereas the carbon which is linked with two other carbon atoms is classified as secondary carbon and the carbon which is linked with three other carbon atoms is classified as tertiary carbon.

Thus, three primary carbons, one secondary carbon atom and one tertiary carbon atom are present in the structure.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The carbon in the following compound should be classified as $1°$ , $2°$ , $3°$ or $4°$.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen is known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Saturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon single bond is present as carbon is linked with four atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon multiple bonds are present that is double and triple bond.

In organic chemistry, carbons are classified as primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary carbons.

Primary carbon ( $1°$ ) is defined as the carbon which is bonded to other carbon atom and it is present at the end of chain.

Secondary carbon ( $2°$ ) is defined as the carbon which is bonded to two other carbon atoms.

Tertiary carbon ( $3°$ ) is defined as the carbon which is bonded to other three carbon atoms.

Quaternary carbon ( $4°$ ) is defined as the carbon which is bonded to four other carbon atoms.

Answer to Problem 12.3PP

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is

According to the above structure of compound, the terminal carbons (four carbons) present is classified as primary carbon as they are linked with one other carbon atom whereas the carbon which is linked with four other carbon atoms is classified as quaternary carbon.

Thus, four primary carbons and one quaternary carbon atom are present in the structure.