Chapter 12, Problem 46P

Give the IUPAC name for each compound.

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The IUPAC nomenclature of Alkanes having complex structures and having lots of branches needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Every organic compound has its own unique name which is followed by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry). For alkane also, there are particular rules for IUPAC nomenclature. The rules are −

1. The name has to end with suffix "−ane" for all alkanes.
2. The longest continuous carbon chain that contains the functional group will be treated as the main chain.
3. Number the carbons in the longest carbon chain. As per as the no of carbon present in the longest chain, "Pent (for 5)", "Hept (for 6)" this word will be added before "ane".
4. The branched groups present in the longest carbon chain beside the main chain should be named by the number of carbon atoms present in the branched group. These groups will end with "-yl" (e.g.- ethyl, methyl) at their end.
5. The position of the group on the main carbon chain and it should be mentioned (e.g. 2,3 -).
6. Numbering of the main chain should start from the side having smallest distance with most priority brunch (priority depends on alphabetical order of the brunch).
7. The brunched groups should be listed before the name of the main carbon chain in alphabetical order (ignoring prefix like di/tri).
8. Combine the elements of the name into a single word in the following order:
1. Branched groups in alphabetical order (ignoring prefixes).
2. Prefix of main chain
3. End with "-ane" suffix.

Answer to Problem 46P

2,3-dimethylpentane

Explanation of Solution

The longest carbon chain has 5 carbons.

And there are two methyl groups in the no 2 and 3 carbon. As the branch group has only one CH₃, it is called 'Methyl'.

So, following by the above mention rule, the name of the alkane is 2,3 (the position of the branch) + dimethyl (the name of the branch, 'di' as two methyl are present )+ pent ( 5 carbon in main chain)+ "-ane"= 2,3-dimethylpentane

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The IUPAC nomenclature of Alkanes having same group in same carbon needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Every organic compound has its own unique name which is followed by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry). For alkane also, there is a particular rule for IUPAC nomenclature. The rules are −

1. The name has to end with suffix "−ane" for all alkanes.
2. The longest continuous carbon chain that contains the functional group will be treated as the main chain.
3. Number the carbons in the longest carbon chain. As per as the no of carbon present in the longest chain, "Pent (for 5)", "Hept (for 6)" this word will be added before "ane".
4. The branched groups present in the longest carbon chain beside the main chain should be named by the number of carbon atoms present in the branched group. These groups will end with "-yl" (e.g.- ethyl, methyl) at their end.
5. The position of the group on the main carbon chain and it should be mentioned (e.g. 2,3 -).
6. Numbering of the main chain should start from the side having smallest distance with most priority brunch (priority depends on alphabetical order of the brunch).
7. The brunched groups should be listed before the name of the main carbon chain in alphabetical order (ignoring prefix like di/tri).
8. Combine the elements of the name into a single word in the following order:
1. Branched groups in alphabetical order (ignoring prefixes).
2. Prefix of main chain
3. End with "-ane" suffix.

Answer to Problem 46P

3,3-dimethylhexane

Explanation of Solution

The longest carbon chain has 6 carbons.

And there are two methyl groups in the no. 3 carbon. As the branch group has only one CH₃, it is called 'Methyl'.

So, following by the above mention rule, the name of the alkane is 3,3 (the position of the branch) + dimethyl (the name of the branch, 'di' as two methyl are present)+ hex ( 6 carbon in main chain)+ "-ane"= 3,3-dimethylhexane.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The IUPAC nomenclature of Alkanes focusing mainly on finding the longest carbon chain needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Every organic compound has its own unique name which is followed by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry). For alkane also, there is a particular rule for IUPAC nomenclature. The rules are −

1. The name has to end with suffix "−ane" for all alkanes.
2. The longest continuous carbon chain that contains the functional group will be treated as the main chain.
3. Number the carbons in the longest carbon chain. As per as the no of carbon present in the longest chain, "Pent (for 5)", "Hept (for 6)" this word will be added before "ane".
4. The branched groups present in the longest carbon chain beside the main chain should be named by the number of carbon atoms present in the branched group. These groups will end with "-yl" (e.g.- ethyl, methyl) at their end.
5. The position of the group on the main carbon chain and it should be mentioned (e.g. 2,3 -).
6. Numbering of the main chain should start from the side having smallest distance with most priority brunch (priority depends on alphabetical order of the brunch).
7. The brunched groups should be listed before the name of the main carbon chain in alphabetical order (ignoring prefix like di/tri).
8. Combine the elements of the name into a single word in the following order:
1. Branched groups in alphabetical order (ignoring prefixes).
2. Prefix of main chain.
3. End with "-ane" suffix.

Answer to Problem 46P

5-ethylnonane

Explanation of Solution

The longest carbon chain has 9 carbons.

And there are one ethyl groups in the no. 5 carbon. As the branch groups have CH₂CH₃, it is called 'ethyl'.

So, following by the above mention rule, the name of the alkane is 5 (the position of the branch) + ethyl (the name of the branch) + non( 9 carbon in main chain)+ "-ane"= 5-ethylnonane

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The IUPAC nomenclature of Alkanes having skeletal structure needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Every organic compound has its own unique name which is followed by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry). For alkane also, there is a particular rule for IUPAC nomenclature. The rules are −

1. The name has to end with suffix "−ane" for all alkanes.
2. The longest continuous carbon chain that contains the functional group will be treated as the main chain.
3. Number the carbons in the longest carbon chain. As per as the no of carbon present in the longest chain, "Pent (for 5)", "Hept (for 6)" this word will be added before "ane".
4. The branched groups present in the longest carbon chain beside the main chain should be named by the number of carbon atoms present in the branched group. These groups will end with "-yl" (e.g.- ethyl, methyl) at their end.
5. The position of the group on the main carbon chain and it should be mentioned (e.g. 2,3 -).
6. Numbering of the main chain should start from the side having smallest distance with most priority brunch (priority depends on alphabetical order of the brunch).
7. The brunched groups should be listed before the name of the main carbon chain in alphabetical order (ignoring prefix like di/tri).
8. Combine the elements of the name into a single word in the following order:
1. Branched groups in alphabetical order (ignoring prefixes).
2. Prefix of main chain
3. End with "-ane" suffix.

Answer to Problem 46P

4-ethyl-2,6-dimethyloctane

Explanation of Solution

The longest carbon chain has 8 carbons.

And there are two methyl groups in the no. 2 and 6 carbon, one ethyl group in no. 4 carbon. As the branch groups have CH₃and CH₂CH₃, they are called 'methyl' and 'ethyl' simultaneously.

So, following by the above mention rule, the name of the alkane is 4 (the position of the branch having alphabetically order 1st) + ethyl (the name of the branch) + 2,6 (position of 2^nd brunch) + dimethyl( name of the brunch and 'di' as two methyl are present)+ oct ( 8 carbon in main chain)+ "-ane"= 4-ethyl-2,6-dimethyloctane

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The IUPAC nomenclature of Alkanes needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Every organic compound has its own unique name which is followed by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry). For alkane also, there is a particular rule for IUPAC nomenclature. The rules are −

1. The name will always end with the suffix "−ane" for alkanes.
2. Find the longest continuous carbon chain that contains the functional group.
3. Number the carbons in the longest carbon chain. Depends on the no. of carbon in the longest chain, "Pent (for 5)", "Hept (for 6)" this word will be added before "ane" in the nomenclature.
4. Look for branched groups present in the longest carbon chain beside the main chain. These groups are named by counting the number of carbon atoms in the branched group. These groups will all end in "-yl" (e.g.- propyl, pentyl)
5. Note the position of the group on the main carbon chain. If there is more than one of the same types of branched group then both numbers must be listed (e.g. 2,3 -).
6. Numbering of the main chain should start from the side having smallest distance with most priority brunch (priority based on alphabetical order).
7. The branched groups should be listed before the name of the main carbon chain in alphabetical order (ignoring di/tri/tetra).
8. Combine the elements of the name into a single word in the following order:
1. Branched groups in alphabetical order (ignoring prefixes).
2. Prefix of main chain
3. End with "-ane" suffix.

Answer to Problem 46P

4-ethyl-2,2-dimethylhexane

Explanation of Solution

The longest carbon chain has 6 carbons.

And there are two methyl groups in the no. 2 carbon, one ethyl group in no. 4 carbon. As the branch groups have CH₃and CH₂CH₃, they are called 'methyl' and 'ethyl' simultaneously.

So, following by the above mention rule, the name of the alkane is 4 (the position of the branch having alphabetically order 1st) + ethyl (the name of the branch) + 2 (position of 2^nd brunch) + dimethyl( name of the brunch and 'di' as two methyl are present)+ hex ( 6 carbon in main chain)+ "-ane"= 4-ethyl-2,2-dimethylhexane

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The IUPAC nomenclature of Alkanes having lots of brunch in skeletal structure needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Every organic compound have their own unique name which is followed by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry). For alkane also, there is a particular rule for IUPAC nomenclature. The rules are −

1. The name has to end with suffix "−ane" for all alkanes.
2. The longest continuous carbon chain that contains the functional group will be treated as the main chain.
3. Number the carbons in the longest carbon chain. As per as the no of carbon present in the longest chain, "Pent (for 5)", "Hept (for 6)" this word will be added before "ane".
4. The branched groups present in the longest carbon chain beside the main chain should be named by the number of carbon atoms present in the branched group. These groups will end with "-yl" (e.g.- ethyl, methyl) at their end.
5. The position of the group on the main carbon chain and it should be mentioned (e.g. 2,3 -).
6. Numbering of the main chain should start from the side having smallest distance with most priority brunch (priority depends on alphabetical order of the brunch).
7. The brunched groups should be listed before the name of the main carbon chain in alphabetical order (ignoring prefix like di/tri).
8. Combine the elements of the name into a single word in the following order:
1. Branched groups in alphabetical order (ignoring prefixes).
2. Prefix of main chain
3. End with "-ane" suffix.

Answer to Problem 46P

5-ethyl-2,6-dimethyloctane

Explanation of Solution

The longest carbon chain has 8 carbons.

And there are two methyl groups in the no. 3 and 6 carbon and one ethyl in no 5 carbon. As the branch groups have CH₃and CH₂CH₃, they are called 'methyl' and 'ethyl' simultaneously.

So, following by the above mention rule, the name of the alkane is 5 (the position of the branch having alphabetically order 1st) + ethyl (the name of the branch) + 2,6 (position of 2^nd brunch) + dimethyl( name of the brunch and 'di' as two methyl are present)+ oct ( 8 carbon in main chain)+ "-ane"= 5-ethyl-2,6-dimethyloctane.