Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12.1, Problem 1CR
Describe the basic principles of gene amplification using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). How have thermophilic and hyperthermophilic prokaryotes simplified the use of PCR?
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and that has a different function (this occurs through gene duplication)
: the study of genetic material from an environmental sample
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: a group of organisms in a phylogeny that have a common ancestor
: a gene that is related in different species by being inherited from a common ancestor
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and that has the same function
: a gene that is related in different species by being inherited from a common ancestor
: a gene that…
PCR has many useful applications. However, an incorrect application of PCR is:
a) Amplification of any gene of interest from genomic DNA
b) Screening various foods for genes that are typical in genetically modified
organisms
c) Identification of microbial DNA in a sample (viral or bacterial)
d) Amplification of any protein of interest
Chapter 12 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 12.1 - Why is a primer needed at each end of the DNA...Ch. 12.1 - How does RT-PCR differ from traditional PCR?Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.1 - Describe the basic principles of gene...Ch. 12.2 - What is the purpose of molecular cloning?Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.2 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 12.3 - How can the bacteriophage T7 promoter be used to...Ch. 12.3 - What major advantage does cloning mammalian genes...
Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.3 - Prob. 1CRCh. 12.4 - How can site-directed mutagenesis be useful to...Ch. 12.4 - What is used to alter more than a few base pairs...Ch. 12.4 - What are knockout mutations?Ch. 12.4 - What does site-directed mutagenesis allow you to...Ch. 12.5 - What is a reporter gene? The product of which...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.5 - Describe two widely used reporter genes.Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 12.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.6 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 12.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 12.7 - Give an example of a genetically modified plant...Ch. 12.7 - How have transgenic salmon been engineered to...Ch. 12.7 - What is the Ti plasmid and how has it been of use...Ch. 12.8 - Explain why recombinant vaccines might be safer...Ch. 12.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.8 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.8 - What is a subunit vaccine and why are subunit...Ch. 12.9 - Explain why metagenomic cloning gives large...Ch. 12.9 - What types of environments are often sampled to...Ch. 12.9 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.9 - How has metagenomics been used to find novel...Ch. 12.10 - How has Caldicellulosiruptor been modified to...Ch. 12.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.10 - What has been the limiting factor in engineering...Ch. 12.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 12.11 - What are biobricks?Ch. 12.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.11 - How was Escherichia coli modified to produce a...Ch. 12.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 12.12 - Prob. 1MQCh. 12.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.12 - How is recombinant DNA inserted into a genome...Ch. 12.12 - How has the CRISPR editing technology been applied...Ch. 12.13 - Prob. 1MQCh. 12.13 - How can a tRNA be engineered to encode for a...Ch. 12.13 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.13 - What are some mechanisms for controlling a...Ch. 12 - Suppose you have just determined the DNA base...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2AQCh. 12 - Prob. 3AQCh. 12 - Describe how you could recode Escherichia coli to...
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- Restriction enzymes Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a) occur naturally in many bacteria b) are proteins c) both a and b d. d) none of the above a. C.arrow_forwardWhat are the reagents used for Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and Reverse Transcriptase–Real time–PCR (RT-qPCR)?arrow_forwardWhat makes the species of Agrobacterium ideal for genetic engineering? Describe its characteristics and its role in producing transgenic plants.arrow_forward
- Jackson Wang is a biologist working with the genetics of a thermophilic bacterium. He cloned a heat shock gene from the bacteria for further analysis. After cloning, he isolated the plasmid carrying his gene of interest for sequencing. Jackson finally received the nucleotide sequence of his gene. Explain in detail how he could verify whether the nucleotide sequence matches his gene of interest using the bioinformatics databases available.arrow_forwardWhere is the key difference between the reactions that result in the final product of fermentation to form lactic acid or alcohol? What is the significance of these differences in terms of biotechnology?arrow_forwardWhy is the DNA polymerase used in PCR derived from an extreme thermophile bacteria species rather than a mesophile bacteria species? (be sure to describe the mesophile DNA polymerase as well as the extreme thermophile DNA polymerase.)arrow_forward
- What is the purpose of using DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus for the polymerase chain reaction rather than a DNA polymerase from a better-characterized bacterium such as E. coli?arrow_forwardDescribe how would you determine the following using a real-time PCR instrument. A) The quantity and quality of a DNA sample. B) Whether an individual had cystic fibrosis from a genomic DNA sample. C) If several bacterial pathogens were present in DNA extracted from a food sample.arrow_forwardIn your own words, explain how bacteria can be manipulated to contain a foreign DNA sequence or gene, how the expression of the gene could be monitored or selected for in the lab, and how the protein coded from this DNA sequence could potentially be purified. You must include at least 6 of the following terms in your answer: transformation, plasmid, antibiotic selection, fusion protein, chromatography, reporter gene, bioluminescence, competent cells, electroporation, calcium chloride.arrow_forward
- how can PCR products be labeled using fluorescence?arrow_forwardWhich of the following enzyme is used in PCR? a) EcoRII b) EcoRI c) Tag DNA polymerase d) HRParrow_forwarda) what are restriction enzymes? b) What is the main function of restriction enzymes in nature? c) Compare and contrast the these enzymes in nature and in scientific research.arrow_forward
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