Human Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780805382952
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 5AYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
The effects of endorphins on the perception of pain, the ability to resist muscle fatigue in an athlete, andwhether endorphins are able to stop the release of the source of the athlete’s pain.
Introduction:
An endorphin is a class of opioids that function as a neuropeptide. They have the property to relieve pain, and thus, are known as analgesics. They serve to depress or suppress the activities of the nervous system. They are also involved in aggressive, submissive, and sexual behavior. Endorphins are released during “runner’s high.”
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 12.1 - What types of functions are performed by the CNS?Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2QCCh. 12.1 - Prob. 3QCCh. 12.1 - 4. What is the neural tube?
Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 5QCCh. 12.2 - Prob. 1QCCh. 12.2 - Prob. 2QCCh. 12.2 - Which component of the diencephalon performs each...Ch. 12.2 - Describe the basic anatomical arrangement of the...Ch. 12.2 - What is the primary function of the cerebellum?
Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 6QCCh. 12.2 - Prob. 7QCCh. 12.2 - What are the general functions of the reticular...Ch. 12.3 - 1. What are the three meninges, from superficial...Ch. 12.3 - 2. What are the three spaces (potential and...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 3QCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 4QCCh. 12.3 - 5. What two factors create the blood brain...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 6QCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 1QCCh. 12.4 - List and describe the three spinal meninges.Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 3QCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 4QCCh. 12.4 - What is the cauda equina?Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 6QCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 7QCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 8QCCh. 12.5 - 1. Where are the posterior columns and their two...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 2QCCh. 12.5 - How are touch and pain processed by the cerebral...Ch. 12.5 - 4. How is the processing of olfactory stimuli...Ch. 12.6 - What is the main difference between the...Ch. 12.6 - Where do the fibers of the corticospinal tracts...Ch. 12.6 - Where do upper motor neurons reside, and what are...Ch. 12.6 - What are the two parts of the basal nuclei...Ch. 12.6 - What is the overall function of the cerebellum?Ch. 12.6 - Trace the overall voluntary movement pathway from...Ch. 12.7 - Which two body systems coordinate the maintenance...Ch. 12.7 - Which branch of the PNS controls most of the bodys...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 3QCCh. 12.7 - Prob. 4QCCh. 12.7 - Prob. 5QCCh. 12.7 - What type of rhythm does human sleep follow?...Ch. 12.7 - 7. What is an electroencephalogram? What is the...Ch. 12.8 - 1. What is cognition? Which part of the brain is...Ch. 12.8 - What is cerebral lateralization? Which functions...Ch. 12.8 - 3. Define language in the context of neurology....Ch. 12.8 - Explain the differences between declarative memory...Ch. 12.8 - 5. How do immediate, short-term, and long-term...Ch. 12.8 - Prob. 6QCCh. 12 - The central nervous system is responsible for: a....Ch. 12 - Mark the following statements about the brain as...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3CYRCh. 12 - 4. Which statement about cerebral white matter is...Ch. 12 - Mark the following statements about the cerebral...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6CYRCh. 12 - 7. Match the term on the left with its correct...Ch. 12 - Which statement about the cranial meninges is...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9CYRCh. 12 - Prob. 10CYRCh. 12 - Mark the following statements about the spinal...Ch. 12 - Which of the following somatic sensations is not...Ch. 12 - Fill in the blanks: The tracts of the posterior...Ch. 12 - Which parts of the body have the greatest amount...Ch. 12 - Which of the following statements is false? a. The...Ch. 12 - Fill in the blanks: The cell bodies of upper motor...Ch. 12 - Label the following components of the...Ch. 12 - Mark the following statements on the role of the...Ch. 12 - 19. Fill in the blanks: The two components of the...Ch. 12 - 20. Which of the following statements is false?
a....Ch. 12 - 21. Match the term on the left with its correct...Ch. 12 - 22. The part of the brain responsible for the...Ch. 12 - Fill in the blanks: Declarative memories are...Ch. 12 - Prob. 24CYRCh. 12 - Huntingtons disease is characterized by a loss of...Ch. 12 - How could you tell the difference between an...Ch. 12 - Why do injuries to the hippocampus interfere with...Ch. 12 - Ms. Norris is brought to the emergency department...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2AYKCh. 12 - Prob. 3AYKCh. 12 - A new diet wonder drug is designed to block the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5AYK
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- The cerebellum controls performance of rapid movements by :-a- directly stimulating AHCs of the acting musclesb- by storing pre-planed motor programs for these movementsc- by rapidly receiving proprioceptive information from the acting musclesd- by inhibiting antagonistic musclesarrow_forwardLabel on the diagram: 1. Muscle spindle 2. Sensory neuron 3. Soma of sensory neuron 4. Dorsal root 5. Dorsal root ganglion 6. Dorsal horn 7. Ventral horn 8. Motor neuron to quad 9. Motor neuron to biceps 10. Excitatory synapse 11. Inhibitory synapse What is the name of this reflex? e20SPm idton, How many neurons are Tap your partner's patellar ligament to test their reflexes and try tapping the belly of the brachioradialis muscle to see what happens. involved?arrow_forwardApproximately where would one look to find the somatic motor neurons whose axons comprise the tibial n. of the lumbosacral plexus? Sacral vertebral region Cervical vertebral region O Inferior thoracic vertebral region Inferior lumbar vertebral region.arrow_forward
- A technician is drawing blood from your arm for blood tests. As you feel the pain of the needle, you suppress your flexor reflex. Name the ascending pathway that carries pain signals and the region of the cortex that receivesthem (use Figure). Next, name the descending pathway you would use to inhibit the flexor reflex (use Figure).arrow_forwardA small child has bumped their knee but reports to their parent that rubbing the affected area lessens the pain. Explain how the sensation of pain is transduced within the nervous system and explain why rubbing the painful area may appear to lessen the pain for this child.arrow_forwardHypertonia of UMN lesions is characterized by :-a- increased inhibitory discharge from the premotor areab- inhibition of pontine reticular formationc- increased γ-motor neuron discharge d- decreased muscle spindle dischargearrow_forward
- Spinal Cord Gray Matter Fill in the blanks with the terms provided. interneurons lateral center gray commissure sensory neurons gray matter posterior anterior The gray matter in the spinal cord is located in the shape resembles a letter H, or a butterfly. The cell bodies of somatic motor neurons are primarily housed in the and its horns, which innervate skeletal muscle. The cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons are found in the horns and innervate cardiac and smooth muscle, and glands. Left and right masses of are the posterior horns. The axons of located in the and the cell bodies of horns. The of gray matter that surrounds a narrow central canal. are is a horizontal bar Resetarrow_forwardExplain the physiology of ascending pathways by placing each word or phrase into the blanks to complete the sentences. posterior horn tactile corpuscles spinoreticular tract primary somatosensory anterior horn spinothalamic tract contralateral ipsilateral prior to decussation A feather is rubbed over a section of skin on the palm of the hand, eliciting an action potential that was generated from neurons associated with Action potentials traveling in the posterior root reach the synapse with second order neurons located in the of the spinal cord. The transfer of electrical signals between first and second order neurons occurs Second order neurons ascend the spinal cord in the Arriving on the transferred to third order neurons. side of the thalamus, action potentials are Third order neurons arrive in the comprehension occurs. Reset cortex, where consciousarrow_forwardWhy are some areas of the body represented as largerthan other areas on the spatial map of the primary motorcortex?arrow_forward
- List the tracts of the extrapyramidal system and explain how this system differs from the pyramidal motor system.arrow_forwardPlace the following steps in order for motor control.1. Upper motor neurons stimulate lower motor neurons.2. Sensory information is relayed back to the cerebellum so movement can be modified if needed.3. Upper motor neurons in the premotor cortex select a motor program.4. Lower motor neurons stimulate a skeletal muscle to contract.5. The basal nuclei enable the thalamus to stimulate upper motor neurons of the primary cortex." a. 5, 3, 1, 4, 2 b. 3, 5, 1, 4, 2 c. 3, 5, 1, 2, 4 d. 2, 5, 3, 1, 4"arrow_forwardExplain the descending pathway from the brain where Mr. Dexter decides to move his right leg to the actual movement of his quadriceps. (Use complete sentences.) Use key words in this order: primary motor cortex in precentral gyrus, frontal lobe, descending tract, decussate, ventral horn with motor neuron in lumbar spinal cord, ventral root, spinal nerve, sciatic nerve in lumbosacral plexus, muscles to move leg (ie. quadriceps)to take a step.arrow_forward
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