Human Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780805382952
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 5AYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
The effects of endorphins on the perception of pain, the ability to resist muscle fatigue in an athlete, andwhether endorphins are able to stop the release of the source of the athlete’s pain.
Introduction:
An endorphin is a class of opioids that function as a neuropeptide. They have the property to relieve pain, and thus, are known as analgesics. They serve to depress or suppress the activities of the nervous system. They are also involved in aggressive, submissive, and sexual behavior. Endorphins are released during “runner’s high.”
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The motor system is organized differently in the spiral cord compared to the cortex. Choose the statement below that best describes the difference.
a. Alpha motor neurons in the ventral horn are mapped according to muscle location, while cortical motor neurons are organized into purposeful movement groups.
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c. Alpha motor neurons in the ventral horn have a different segment-to-segment organization, while cortical motor neurons are mapped similarly to the somatosensory system.
d. Alpha motor neurons in the ventral horn do not have a clear organization, while cortical motor neurons are mapped according to muscle location.
e. Alpha motor neurons in the ventral horn are organized into complex movement groups, while cortical motor neurons have no clear organization.
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 12.1 - What types of functions are performed by the CNS?Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2QCCh. 12.1 - Prob. 3QCCh. 12.1 - 4. What is the neural tube?
Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 5QCCh. 12.2 - Prob. 1QCCh. 12.2 - Prob. 2QCCh. 12.2 - Which component of the diencephalon performs each...Ch. 12.2 - Describe the basic anatomical arrangement of the...Ch. 12.2 - What is the primary function of the cerebellum?
Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 6QCCh. 12.2 - Prob. 7QCCh. 12.2 - What are the general functions of the reticular...Ch. 12.3 - 1. What are the three meninges, from superficial...Ch. 12.3 - 2. What are the three spaces (potential and...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 3QCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 4QCCh. 12.3 - 5. What two factors create the blood brain...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 6QCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 1QCCh. 12.4 - List and describe the three spinal meninges.Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 3QCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 4QCCh. 12.4 - What is the cauda equina?Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 6QCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 7QCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 8QCCh. 12.5 - 1. Where are the posterior columns and their two...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 2QCCh. 12.5 - How are touch and pain processed by the cerebral...Ch. 12.5 - 4. How is the processing of olfactory stimuli...Ch. 12.6 - What is the main difference between the...Ch. 12.6 - Where do the fibers of the corticospinal tracts...Ch. 12.6 - Where do upper motor neurons reside, and what are...Ch. 12.6 - What are the two parts of the basal nuclei...Ch. 12.6 - What is the overall function of the cerebellum?Ch. 12.6 - Trace the overall voluntary movement pathway from...Ch. 12.7 - Which two body systems coordinate the maintenance...Ch. 12.7 - Which branch of the PNS controls most of the bodys...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 3QCCh. 12.7 - Prob. 4QCCh. 12.7 - Prob. 5QCCh. 12.7 - What type of rhythm does human sleep follow?...Ch. 12.7 - 7. What is an electroencephalogram? What is the...Ch. 12.8 - 1. What is cognition? Which part of the brain is...Ch. 12.8 - What is cerebral lateralization? Which functions...Ch. 12.8 - 3. Define language in the context of neurology....Ch. 12.8 - Explain the differences between declarative memory...Ch. 12.8 - 5. How do immediate, short-term, and long-term...Ch. 12.8 - Prob. 6QCCh. 12 - The central nervous system is responsible for: a....Ch. 12 - Mark the following statements about the brain as...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3CYRCh. 12 - 4. Which statement about cerebral white matter is...Ch. 12 - Mark the following statements about the cerebral...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6CYRCh. 12 - 7. Match the term on the left with its correct...Ch. 12 - Which statement about the cranial meninges is...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9CYRCh. 12 - Prob. 10CYRCh. 12 - Mark the following statements about the spinal...Ch. 12 - Which of the following somatic sensations is not...Ch. 12 - Fill in the blanks: The tracts of the posterior...Ch. 12 - Which parts of the body have the greatest amount...Ch. 12 - Which of the following statements is false? a. The...Ch. 12 - Fill in the blanks: The cell bodies of upper motor...Ch. 12 - Label the following components of the...Ch. 12 - Mark the following statements on the role of the...Ch. 12 - 19. Fill in the blanks: The two components of the...Ch. 12 - 20. Which of the following statements is false?
a....Ch. 12 - 21. Match the term on the left with its correct...Ch. 12 - 22. The part of the brain responsible for the...Ch. 12 - Fill in the blanks: Declarative memories are...Ch. 12 - Prob. 24CYRCh. 12 - Huntingtons disease is characterized by a loss of...Ch. 12 - How could you tell the difference between an...Ch. 12 - Why do injuries to the hippocampus interfere with...Ch. 12 - Ms. Norris is brought to the emergency department...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2AYKCh. 12 - Prob. 3AYKCh. 12 - A new diet wonder drug is designed to block the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5AYK
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Similar questions
- A person is warming their feet by a fire. Which of the following statements is TRUE? O A. The medial section of the post-central gyrus will be active. B. The lateral section of the pre-central gyrus will be active. OC. There will be an increase in frequency of action potentials along the medial lemniscal system. D. There will be decreased frequency of action potentials along the spinothalamic tract.arrow_forwardThe cerebellum controls performance of rapid movements by :-a- directly stimulating AHCs of the acting musclesb- by storing pre-planed motor programs for these movementsc- by rapidly receiving proprioceptive information from the acting musclesd- by inhibiting antagonistic musclesarrow_forwardLabel on the diagram: 1. Muscle spindle 2. Sensory neuron 3. Soma of sensory neuron 4. Dorsal root 5. Dorsal root ganglion 6. Dorsal horn 7. Ventral horn 8. Motor neuron to quad 9. Motor neuron to biceps 10. Excitatory synapse 11. Inhibitory synapse What is the name of this reflex? e20SPm idton, How many neurons are Tap your partner's patellar ligament to test their reflexes and try tapping the belly of the brachioradialis muscle to see what happens. involved?arrow_forward
- Approximately where would one look to find the somatic motor neurons whose axons comprise the tibial n. of the lumbosacral plexus? Sacral vertebral region Cervical vertebral region O Inferior thoracic vertebral region Inferior lumbar vertebral region.arrow_forwardA technician is drawing blood from your arm for blood tests. As you feel the pain of the needle, you suppress your flexor reflex. Name the ascending pathway that carries pain signals and the region of the cortex that receivesthem (use Figure). Next, name the descending pathway you would use to inhibit the flexor reflex (use Figure).arrow_forwardHypertonia of UMN lesions is characterized by :-a- increased inhibitory discharge from the premotor areab- inhibition of pontine reticular formationc- increased γ-motor neuron discharge d- decreased muscle spindle dischargearrow_forward
- Which of the following statements regarding the motor end plate in the somatic motor division of the nervous system is true? After the activation of voltage-gated calcium channels, the neuron releases ACh onto the muscarinic receptors on the surface of the highly folded area of the muscle fibre. The preganglionic nerve fibre releases ACh onto the postganglionic nerve fibre, which then releases ACh onto the cholinergic receptors of the motor end plate. Chemically gated monovalent cation channels on the motor end plate are activated once the motor neuron releases ACh onto the nicotinic receptors on the surface of the muscle cell. The AChE enzyme enhances the amount of ACh released into the neuromuscular junctionarrow_forwardVisit this site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/NYTmotor) to read about an elderly woman who starts tolose the ability to control fine movements, such as speechand the movement of limbs. Many of the usual causes wereruled out. It was not a stroke, Parkinson’s disease, diabetes,or thyroid dysfunction. The next most obvious cause wasmedication, so her pharmacist had to be consulted. Theside effect of a drug meant to help her sleep had resultedin changes in motor control. What regions of the nervoussystem are likely to be the focus of haloperidol side effects?arrow_forwardSpinal Cord Gray Matter Fill in the blanks with the terms provided. interneurons lateral center gray commissure sensory neurons gray matter posterior anterior The gray matter in the spinal cord is located in the shape resembles a letter H, or a butterfly. The cell bodies of somatic motor neurons are primarily housed in the and its horns, which innervate skeletal muscle. The cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons are found in the horns and innervate cardiac and smooth muscle, and glands. Left and right masses of are the posterior horns. The axons of located in the and the cell bodies of horns. The of gray matter that surrounds a narrow central canal. are is a horizontal bar Resetarrow_forward
- Explain the physiology of ascending pathways by placing each word or phrase into the blanks to complete the sentences. posterior horn tactile corpuscles spinoreticular tract primary somatosensory anterior horn spinothalamic tract contralateral ipsilateral prior to decussation A feather is rubbed over a section of skin on the palm of the hand, eliciting an action potential that was generated from neurons associated with Action potentials traveling in the posterior root reach the synapse with second order neurons located in the of the spinal cord. The transfer of electrical signals between first and second order neurons occurs Second order neurons ascend the spinal cord in the Arriving on the transferred to third order neurons. side of the thalamus, action potentials are Third order neurons arrive in the comprehension occurs. Reset cortex, where consciousarrow_forwardWhy are some areas of the body represented as largerthan other areas on the spatial map of the primary motorcortex?arrow_forwardList the tracts of the extrapyramidal system and explain how this system differs from the pyramidal motor system.arrow_forward
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