Human Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780805382952
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 18CYR
Mark the following statements on the role of the brain in movement as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
a. The dopaminergic neurons of the substantianigra enhance the actions of the caudate nucleus and putamen.
b. The cerebellum monitors the initiation of movement but does not monitor ongoing movements.
c. The basal nuclei inhibit inappropriate movements and are required for the initiation of movement.
d. The correction of motor error by the cerebellum can occur over the long term by motor learning.
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Mark the following statements on the role of the brain in movement as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. a. The dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra enhance the actions of the caudate nucleus and putamen. b. The cerebellum monitors the initiation of movement but does not monitor ongoing movements. c. The basal nuclei inhibit inappropriate movements and are required for the initiation of movement. d. The correction of motor error by the cerebellum can occur over the long term by motor learning
All of the following are true regarding the descending motor tracts EXCEPT
which one?
A. They originate in either the cerebral cortex or brainstem.
B. The pathways are generally made of a two-neuron system.
C. The upper motor neuron fibers target lower motor neurons of the spinal cord or
cranial nerves.
D. They are involved in assisting with voluntary movement.
The subdivision of the brain that does not initiate somatic motor movements, but rather coordinates and fine-tunes those movements, is the a. medulla oblongata. b. cerebrum. c. cerebellum. d. diencephalon.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 12.1 - What types of functions are performed by the CNS?Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2QCCh. 12.1 - Prob. 3QCCh. 12.1 - 4. What is the neural tube?
Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 5QCCh. 12.2 - Prob. 1QCCh. 12.2 - Prob. 2QCCh. 12.2 - Which component of the diencephalon performs each...Ch. 12.2 - Describe the basic anatomical arrangement of the...Ch. 12.2 - What is the primary function of the cerebellum?
Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 6QCCh. 12.2 - Prob. 7QCCh. 12.2 - What are the general functions of the reticular...Ch. 12.3 - 1. What are the three meninges, from superficial...Ch. 12.3 - 2. What are the three spaces (potential and...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 3QCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 4QCCh. 12.3 - 5. What two factors create the blood brain...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 6QCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 1QCCh. 12.4 - List and describe the three spinal meninges.Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 3QCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 4QCCh. 12.4 - What is the cauda equina?Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 6QCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 7QCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 8QCCh. 12.5 - 1. Where are the posterior columns and their two...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 2QCCh. 12.5 - How are touch and pain processed by the cerebral...Ch. 12.5 - 4. How is the processing of olfactory stimuli...Ch. 12.6 - What is the main difference between the...Ch. 12.6 - Where do the fibers of the corticospinal tracts...Ch. 12.6 - Where do upper motor neurons reside, and what are...Ch. 12.6 - What are the two parts of the basal nuclei...Ch. 12.6 - What is the overall function of the cerebellum?Ch. 12.6 - Trace the overall voluntary movement pathway from...Ch. 12.7 - Which two body systems coordinate the maintenance...Ch. 12.7 - Which branch of the PNS controls most of the bodys...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 3QCCh. 12.7 - Prob. 4QCCh. 12.7 - Prob. 5QCCh. 12.7 - What type of rhythm does human sleep follow?...Ch. 12.7 - 7. What is an electroencephalogram? What is the...Ch. 12.8 - 1. What is cognition? Which part of the brain is...Ch. 12.8 - What is cerebral lateralization? Which functions...Ch. 12.8 - 3. Define language in the context of neurology....Ch. 12.8 - Explain the differences between declarative memory...Ch. 12.8 - 5. How do immediate, short-term, and long-term...Ch. 12.8 - Prob. 6QCCh. 12 - The central nervous system is responsible for: a....Ch. 12 - Mark the following statements about the brain as...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3CYRCh. 12 - 4. Which statement about cerebral white matter is...Ch. 12 - Mark the following statements about the cerebral...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6CYRCh. 12 - 7. Match the term on the left with its correct...Ch. 12 - Which statement about the cranial meninges is...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9CYRCh. 12 - Prob. 10CYRCh. 12 - Mark the following statements about the spinal...Ch. 12 - Which of the following somatic sensations is not...Ch. 12 - Fill in the blanks: The tracts of the posterior...Ch. 12 - Which parts of the body have the greatest amount...Ch. 12 - Which of the following statements is false? a. The...Ch. 12 - Fill in the blanks: The cell bodies of upper motor...Ch. 12 - Label the following components of the...Ch. 12 - Mark the following statements on the role of the...Ch. 12 - 19. Fill in the blanks: The two components of the...Ch. 12 - 20. Which of the following statements is false?
a....Ch. 12 - 21. Match the term on the left with its correct...Ch. 12 - 22. The part of the brain responsible for the...Ch. 12 - Fill in the blanks: Declarative memories are...Ch. 12 - Prob. 24CYRCh. 12 - Huntingtons disease is characterized by a loss of...Ch. 12 - How could you tell the difference between an...Ch. 12 - Why do injuries to the hippocampus interfere with...Ch. 12 - Ms. Norris is brought to the emergency department...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2AYKCh. 12 - Prob. 3AYKCh. 12 - A new diet wonder drug is designed to block the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5AYK
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- The thoracic spinal cord has the smallest dorsal horn area because: a. the trunk is the most innervated area of the body and therefore there are more projections into the dorsal horn there. b. the trunk is the least innervated area of the body and therefore there are fewer projections into the dorsal horn there. c. most of the descending upper motor neurons have already entered the ventral horn. d. There are many motor neurons to control the small muscles around the spine.arrow_forwardWhat neural system is primarily activated when a book is dropped into your outstretched hands with your eyes open? a. Feedback processing controlled by lower motor neurons in the spinal cord. b. None of the answers. c. Modulation of onset responses controlled by the basal ganglia. d. Motor coordination controlled by the cerebellum. e. Feedforward processing controlled by upper motor neurons in the brainstem.arrow_forwardIn which ways do cerebral nuclei interact with motor pathways? Select all that apply. A. They receive impulses from the entire cerebral cortex. B. They receive input from the hypothalamus. C. They receive input from the limbic system. D. They receive input from the corticospinal tract. E. They receive input from the sensory areas.arrow_forward
- Of the following, which is the strongest evidence to indicate that musical training modifies brain anatomy? a. The gray matter of several cortical areas is thicker in professional musicians than in nonmusicians. b. A larger than average portion of the right somatosensory cortex responds to the left hand in stringed instrument players than in other people. c. At age 6, children starting musical training did not differ from average, but 15 months later they showed enlargements of several brain areas.arrow_forwardSensory neurons transmit information towards the central nervous system. Which of the following is true concerning the movement of peripheral- information towards the central nervous system? A. Dendrites of the sensory neurons synapse with interneurons of the spinal cord. B. Axons of the sensory neurons synapse with motor neurons of the muscles involved in the spinal reflex. C. Axons of the motor neurons synapse with the interneurons of the spinal cord. D. Axons of the sensory neurons synapse with the interneurons of the spinal cord.arrow_forwardThe motor system is organized differently in the spiral cord compared to the cortex. Choose the statement below that best describes the difference. a. Alpha motor neurons in the ventral horn are mapped according to muscle location, while cortical motor neurons are organized into purposeful movement groups. b. None of the answers. c. Alpha motor neurons in the ventral horn have a different segment-to-segment organization, while cortical motor neurons are mapped similarly to the somatosensory system. d. Alpha motor neurons in the ventral horn do not have a clear organization, while cortical motor neurons are mapped according to muscle location. e. Alpha motor neurons in the ventral horn are organized into complex movement groups, while cortical motor neurons have no clear organization.arrow_forward
- All the following is true description about occipital lobes EXCEPT: Select one: a. Its function is to relay motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex b. It receives sensory information from the retinas of the eyes c. It is responsible for visual perception, including colour, form and motion d. The occipital lobe is located at the very back of the brainarrow_forwardThe main functions of the prefrontal cortex include which of the following? a. Perceiving the location of body parts in space b. Providing a pool of immature neurons to replace those damaged in other brain areas c. Coordination of slow, repetitive movements d. Working memory and weighing the pros and cons of a possible actionarrow_forwardPlace the following steps in order for motor control.1. Upper motor neurons stimulate lower motor neurons.2. Sensory information is relayed back to the cerebellum so movement can be modified if needed.3. Upper motor neurons in the premotor cortex select a motor program.4. Lower motor neurons stimulate a skeletal muscle to contract.5. The basal nuclei enable the thalamus to stimulate upper motor neurons of the primary cortex." a. 5, 3, 1, 4, 2 b. 3, 5, 1, 4, 2 c. 3, 5, 1, 2, 4 d. 2, 5, 3, 1, 4"arrow_forward
- All of the following statements are accurate about the choroid plexus except a. it is located within the ventricles of the brain. b. it is composed of ependymal cells and blood capillaries. c. it receives and filters all sensory information. d. it produces and circulates cerebrospinal fluid.arrow_forwardIn which part of the brain does decussation of descending tractsinvolved in the conscious control of skeletal muscles occur?a. cerebrum d. ponsb. diencephalon e. medulla oblongatac. midbrainarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is false? a. The spinothalamic tracts are part of the anterolateral system. b. Pain, temperature, and crude touch stimuli are carried by the anterolateral system. c. Descending pathways from the brain and spinal cord can make the spinal cord less receptive to pain stimuli. d. The thalamus serves as the “gateway” for entry of all special sensory stimuli into the cerebral cortex, with the exception of audition (hearing).arrow_forward
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