EP ESSENTIAL ORG.CHEM.-MOD.MASTERING
EP ESSENTIAL ORG.CHEM.-MOD.MASTERING
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780133858501
Author: Bruice
Publisher: PEARSON CO
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Chapter 12, Problem 46P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The products of the given reaction have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Grignard reaction with ketone:

Grignard regent reacts with ketone followed by acidic work up to form secondary or tertiary alcohol.

General scheme:

  EP ESSENTIAL ORG.CHEM.-MOD.MASTERING   , Chapter 12, Problem 46P , additional homework tip  1

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The products of the given reaction have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Hemiketals:

Hemiaketals are compounds with the functional group C(OH)(OR). These compounds will be formed as intermediates in the formation of Ketals from ketones which is shown in the following general scheme:

General scheme:

  EP ESSENTIAL ORG.CHEM.-MOD.MASTERING   , Chapter 12, Problem 46P , additional homework tip  2

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The products of the given reaction have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Major product in the reaction of α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compounds with weak bases:

α,β- Unsaturated carbonyl compounds on reaction with weak bases gives conjugate addition products as the major products as shown in the following general scheme:

General scheme:

EP ESSENTIAL ORG.CHEM.-MOD.MASTERING   , Chapter 12, Problem 46P , additional homework tip  3

It can be observed that the conjugate addition product has been formed by the addition of basic anion to the beta-carbon atom and that of hydrogen atom to the alpha-carbon carbon atom.

The examples for the weak bases are:

HBrCH3SHCH3OHNH3

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The products of the given reaction have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Major product in the reaction of α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compounds with weak bases:

α,β- Unsaturated carbonyl compounds on reaction with weak bases gives conjugate addition products as the major products as shown in the following general scheme:

General scheme:

EP ESSENTIAL ORG.CHEM.-MOD.MASTERING   , Chapter 12, Problem 46P , additional homework tip  4

It can be observed that the conjugate addition product has been formed by the addition of basic anion to the beta-carbon atom and that of hydrogen atom to the alpha-carbon carbon atom.

The examples for the weak bases are:

HBrCH3SHCH3OHNH3

Major product in the reaction of α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compounds with strong bases:

α,β- Unsaturated carbonyl compounds on reaction with strong bases gives direct addition products as the major products as shown in the following general scheme:

General scheme:

EP ESSENTIAL ORG.CHEM.-MOD.MASTERING   , Chapter 12, Problem 46P , additional homework tip  5

It can be observed that the direct addition product has been formed from the direct reaction of the strong base with the carbonyl functional group of the α,β- unsaturated carbonyl compounds.

The examples for the strong bases are:

CH3Mg2+BrGignardreagentNaBH4H-hydridedonor

Aminolysis reaction:

  • The aminolysis reaction is just like hydrolysis in which one component gets converted into two components using a molecule of amine like using a molecule of water in hydrolysis.
  • In the aminolysis of ester, one ester component reacts with a molecule of amine and will be converted into two components such as an amide and an alcohol which has been shown in the following general scheme:

EP ESSENTIAL ORG.CHEM.-MOD.MASTERING   , Chapter 12, Problem 46P , additional homework tip  6

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