For the system PCl 5 ( g ) ⇌ PCl 3 ( g ) + Cl 2 ( g ) K is 26 at 300°C. In a 1.0-L flask at 300°C, a gaseous mixture consists of all three gases with the following partial pressures: P PCl 5 = 0.026 atm , P PCl 3 = 0.65 a t m P PCl 2 = 0.33 a t m (a) Is the system at equilibrium? Explain. (b) If the system is not at equilibrium, in which direction will the system move to reach equilibrium?
For the system PCl 5 ( g ) ⇌ PCl 3 ( g ) + Cl 2 ( g ) K is 26 at 300°C. In a 1.0-L flask at 300°C, a gaseous mixture consists of all three gases with the following partial pressures: P PCl 5 = 0.026 atm , P PCl 3 = 0.65 a t m P PCl 2 = 0.33 a t m (a) Is the system at equilibrium? Explain. (b) If the system is not at equilibrium, in which direction will the system move to reach equilibrium?
Solution Summary: The author explains that the system is said to be in equilibrium if there is no change in the partial pressure or concentration of reactant and product.
PCl
5
(
g
)
⇌
PCl
3
(
g
)
+
Cl
2
(
g
)
K is 26 at 300°C. In a 1.0-L flask at 300°C, a gaseous mixture consists of all three gases with the following partial pressures:
P
PCl
5
=
0.026
atm
,
P
PCl
3
=
0.65
a
t
m
P
PCl
2
=
0.33
a
t
m
(a) Is the system at equilibrium? Explain.
(b) If the system is not at equilibrium, in which direction will the system move to reach equilibrium?
Consider the following Figure 2 and two atoms that are initially an infinite distance apart, x =00, at which point
the potential energy of the system is U = 0. If they are brought together to x = x, the potential energy is related
to the total force P by
dU
dx
= P
Given this, qualitatively sketch the variation of U with x. What happens at x=x? What is the significance of
x = x, in terms of the potential energy?
0
P, Force
19
Attraction
Total
Repulsion
x, Distance
Figure 2. Variation with distance of the attractive, repulsive, and total forces between atoms. The
slope dP/dx at the equilibrium spacing xe is proportional to the elastic modulus E; the stress σb,
corresponding to the peak in total force, is the theoretical cohesive strength.
Denote the dipole for the indicated bonds in the following molecules.
H3C
✓
CH3
B
F-CCl 3
Br-Cl
H3C Si(CH3)3
wwwwwww
OH
НО.
HO
HO
OH
vitamin C
CH3
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