Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 12, Problem 15QP

Which of the following mutations will result in cancer?

  1. a. homozygous recessive mutation in a tumor-suppressor gene coding for a nonfunctional protein
  2. b. dominant mutation in a tumor-suppressor gene in which the normal protein product is overexpressed
  3. c. homozygous recessive mutation in which there is a deletion in the coding region of a proto-oncogene, leaving it nonfunctional
  4. d. dominant mutation in a proto-oncogene in which the normal protein product is overexpressed
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The p53 gene was discovered in 1979, but it was not clear whether the gene functioned as an oncogene or a tumor-suppressor gene. Several years later, researchers showed that both p53 alleles are inactivated in some mouse cancers. This evidence suggests  A. the p53 gene is an oncogene because inactivated alleles would produce mutated signal transduction proteins that would result in stimulating cell division. B. the p53 gene is an oncogene because the cell would overproduce transcription factors to compensate for the inactive alleles, resulting in increased cell division. C. the p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene because inactivated alleles indicate a loss of protein function which allowed the cancer to develop D. the p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene because the cell would produce too few transcription factors for gene activation, resulting in decreased cell division.
Which of the following steps are correct about multistep tumorigenesis (select all that apply)?   A. Mutations in progenitor cells are more likely to develop a neoplastic state compared to mutations in stem cells   B. Driver mutations give a cell clone a proliferative advanage   C. The rate of mutation /genetic change is constant during tumor progression   D. Nutrition/diet may effect rate of tumorigenesis   E. All cells within a tumor are biologically equivalent and equally capable of high levels proliferation
In what category of cancer-related genes is it possible to find inherited variants that are associated with cancer?  Why? Group of answer choices 1. Tumor suppressor genes, because genes in this category are very important in the process of developing cancer. 2. Proto-oncogenes, because individuals who carry only one cancer-causing allele will have a wildtype phenotype. 3. Proto-oncogenes, because there are very few genes in this category, so mutations in them are rare. 4. Tumor suppressor genes, because individuals who carry only one cancer-causing allele will have a wildtype phenotype.

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Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

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