Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 12, Problem 8QP
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Cancer is caused due to a mutation in the genome of the cells. The mutation can be of different types namely single
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With regard to cancer cells, which of the following are true?
A.
Cancer cells are clonal, meaning that they are derived from many different cells that all underwent the same clonal mutation.
Cells usually accumulate many mutations over time, and this results in cancerous growth.
B.
Almost all cancers are caused by oncogenic viruses.
no Benign tumors are dangerous because they can easily invade surrounding tissue and spread to other locations in the body.
DE.
Cancer cells are unable to control their division.
Which of the following steps are correct about multistep tumorigenesis (select all that apply)?
A.
Mutations in progenitor cells are more likely to develop a neoplastic state compared to mutations in stem cells
B.
Driver mutations give a cell clone a proliferative advanage
C.
The rate of mutation /genetic change is constant during tumor progression
D.
Nutrition/diet may effect rate of tumorigenesis
E.
All cells within a tumor are biologically equivalent and equally capable of high levels proliferation
Which of the following accurately compares tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes?
A. Both tumor suppressor and proto-oncogenes prevent the spread of cancer by targeting and destroying existing cancer cells.
B. A person who has both tumor suppressor and proto-oncogenes will always develop cancer.
C. Proto-oncogenes code for growth factors, while tumor suppressor genes inhibit cell division of damaged cells.
D. When a proto-oncogene mutates, it becomes a tumor suppressor gene.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 12.10 - If improved diagnostic tests are developed from...Ch. 12.10 - If you had cancer, would you donate tissue samples...Ch. 12.10 - Prob. 1GRCh. 12.10 - Another model, the random model, proposes that any...Ch. 12 - Mike was referred for genetic counseling because...Ch. 12 - Mike was referred for genetic counseling because...Ch. 12 - Mike was referred for genetic counseling because...Ch. 12 - Theodor Boveri predicted that malignancies would...Ch. 12 - Distinguish between a familial and a sporadic...Ch. 12 - Benign tumors: a. are noncancerous growths that do...
Ch. 12 - Prob. 4QPCh. 12 - Prob. 5QPCh. 12 - Prob. 6QPCh. 12 - Prob. 7QPCh. 12 - Prob. 8QPCh. 12 - What is the difference between a proto-oncogene...Ch. 12 - Distinguish between dominant inheritance and...Ch. 12 - Describe the likelihood of developing bilateral...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12QPCh. 12 - The search for the BRCA1 breast cancer gene...Ch. 12 - What are the roles of cellular proto-oncogenes,...Ch. 12 - Which of the following mutations will result in...Ch. 12 - Prob. 16QPCh. 12 - The following family has a history of inherited...Ch. 12 - You are in charge of a new gene therapy clinic....Ch. 12 - Prob. 19QPCh. 12 - Can you postulate a reason or reasons why children...Ch. 12 - Prob. 21QPCh. 12 - In Section 12-1, Julie is concerned that she may...Ch. 12 - Prob. 23QPCh. 12 - What are some factors that epidemiologists have...Ch. 12 - Smoking cigarettes has been shown to be associated...Ch. 12 - Prob. 26QPCh. 12 - Studies have shown that there are significant...
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- Tumor Suppressor Genes are often called as gatekeepers because: a. They signify their involvement in governing the dynamics of cell proliferation b. They allow tumors to proliferate at an uncontrolled rate c. To allow a transport channel of suppressors d. They are not referred to as ?gatekeepers?arrow_forwardCancer is a genetic disease. To provide evidence that you understand cancer genes are altered in both sporadic (somatic) and inherited cancers, match the beginning and end of the sentences below to give correct statements.arrow_forwardThe p53 gene was discovered in 1979, but it was not clear whether the gene functioned as an oncogene or a tumor-suppressor gene. Several years later, researchers showed that both p53 alleles are inactivated in some mouse cancers. This evidence suggests A. the p53 gene is an oncogene because inactivated alleles would produce mutated signal transduction proteins that would result in stimulating cell division. B. the p53 gene is an oncogene because the cell would overproduce transcription factors to compensate for the inactive alleles, resulting in increased cell division. C. the p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene because inactivated alleles indicate a loss of protein function which allowed the cancer to develop D. the p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene because the cell would produce too few transcription factors for gene activation, resulting in decreased cell division.arrow_forward
- Mutations in the ras gene family induce normal cells to proceed into the replication cycle. This converts the ras gene from a ________ gene to a ________ gene. a. proto-oncogene; oncogene b. oncogene; proto-oncogene c. mutant; oncogene d. tumor suppressor; proto-oncogenearrow_forwardWhich of the following mutations is MOST likely to cause cancer? A) a mutation that causes a cyclin gene to be expressed at all times during the cell cycle B) a mutation that causes an oncogene to be turned off so that no protein is made C) a mutation that causes a Cdk gene to be turned off so that no protein is made D) a mutation that causes a tumor suppressor gene to be over-expressedarrow_forwardMatch the gene on the left with the gene category on the right. ERBB2 E-cadherin BRCA1 Cdk4 A. oncogene B. proto-oncogene C. low expression in invasive cells D. tumor suppressor genearrow_forward
- 13arrow_forwardWhich of the following is typical of cancer cells? A. The parent cell of the tumor contains a single mutation in a single checkpoint gene. B. Malignant cells migrate. C. Cancer cells lose the ability to divide. D. Products of oncogenes inhibit mitosis E. Benign tumors invade normal tissue.arrow_forwardWhich of the following factors contributes to angiogenesis as a result of a tumor growth? Select all that apply: a. Increasing tumor's access to oxygen and nutrients b. Increasing tumor's ability for growth, invasion, and metastasis c. Increasing expression of proto-oncogenes for cancer cells d. Increasing expression of tumor-suppressor genes for cancer cellsarrow_forward
- ________ are changes to the nucleotides in a segment of DNA that codes for a protein. a. Proto-oncogenes b. Tumor suppressor genes c. Gene mutations d. Negative regulatorsarrow_forwardWhat is the difference between a proto-oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about cancer is false? (a) oncogenes arise from mutations in proto-oncogenes (b) tumor suppressor genes normally interact with growth-inhibiting factors to block cell division (c) more than 120 cancer-driving genes have been discovered (d) oncogenes were first discovered in mouse models for cancer (e) the development of cancer is usually a multistep process involving both oncogenes and mutated tumor suppressor genesarrow_forward
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