12.100 A reaction important in smog formation is O 3 ( g ) + NO ( g ) ⇄ O 2 ( g ) + NO 2 ( g ) K = 6.0 × 10 34 (a) If the initial concentrations are [ O 3 ] = 1.0 × 10 − 6 M, [ NO ] = 1.0 × 10 − 5 M, [ NO 2 ] = 2.5 × 10 − 4 M, and [ O 2 ] = 8.2 × 10 − 3 M , is the system at equilibrium? If not, in which direction does the reaction proceed? (b) If the temperature is increased, as on a very warm day, will the concentrations of the products increase or decrease? (HINT: You may have to calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction to find out if it is exothermic or endothermic.)
12.100 A reaction important in smog formation is O 3 ( g ) + NO ( g ) ⇄ O 2 ( g ) + NO 2 ( g ) K = 6.0 × 10 34 (a) If the initial concentrations are [ O 3 ] = 1.0 × 10 − 6 M, [ NO ] = 1.0 × 10 − 5 M, [ NO 2 ] = 2.5 × 10 − 4 M, and [ O 2 ] = 8.2 × 10 − 3 M , is the system at equilibrium? If not, in which direction does the reaction proceed? (b) If the temperature is increased, as on a very warm day, will the concentrations of the products increase or decrease? (HINT: You may have to calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction to find out if it is exothermic or endothermic.)
Solution Summary: The author explains that the reaction quotient is similar to the expression of equilibrium constant, except that equilibrium concentrations are taken.
O
3
(
g
)
+
NO
(
g
)
⇄
O
2
(
g
)
+
NO
2
(
g
)
K
=
6.0
×
10
34
(a) If the initial concentrations are
[
O
3
]
=
1.0
×
10
−
6
M,
[
NO
]
=
1.0
×
10
−
5
M,
[
NO
2
]
=
2.5
×
10
−
4
M,
and
[
O
2
]
=
8.2
×
10
−
3
M
, is the system at equilibrium? If not, in which direction does the reaction proceed?
(b) If the temperature is increased, as on a very warm day, will the concentrations of the products increase or decrease? (HINT: You may have to calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction to find out if it is exothermic or endothermic.)
For a titration of 40.00 mL of 0.0500 M oxalic acid H2C2O4 with 0.1000 M KOH, calculate the pH at each of the following volume of KOH used in the titration: 1) before the titration begin;2) 15 mL; 3) 20 mL; 4) 25 mL; 5) 40 mL; 6) 50 mL. Ka1 = 5.90×10^-2, Ka2 = 6.50×10^-5 for oxalic acid.
Predict the major organic product(s), if any, of the following reactions. Assume all reagents are in excess unless otherwise indicated.
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