To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α − ketoglutarate , and citrate that contains six carbon atoms. Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid . The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid. The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows: The second class consists of α − ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid. The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.50EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains six carbon atoms.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains a hydroxy functional group.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that has a charge of −3.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that are glutaric acid derivative.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

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For each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new CC bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. ? NH2 MgBr Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? ○ Yes ○ No MgBr ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? O Yes O No Click and drag to start drawing a structure. :☐ G x c olo Ar HE

Predicting As the lead product manager at OrganometALEKS Industries, you are trying to decide if the following reaction will make a molecule with a new C - C bond as its major product: H₂N O H 1. ? 2. H3O+ If this reaction will work, draw the major organic product or products you would expect in the drawing area below. If there's more than one major product, you can draw them in any arrangement you like. Be sure you use wedge and dash bonds if necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. 0 If the major products of this reaction won't have a new CC bond, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. فا Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.50EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains six carbon atoms.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains a hydroxy functional group.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that has a charge of −3.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that are glutaric acid derivative.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.50EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains six carbon atoms.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains a hydroxy functional group.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that has a charge of −3.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that are glutaric acid derivative.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.50EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains six carbon atoms.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains a hydroxy functional group.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that has a charge of −3.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that are glutaric acid derivative.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 12.50EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains six carbon atoms.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains a hydroxy functional group.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that has a charge of −3.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that are glutaric acid derivative.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 12.50EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains six carbon atoms.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 12.50EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains six carbon atoms.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains a hydroxy functional group.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that contains a hydroxy functional group.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that has a charge of −3.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that has a charge of −3.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that are glutaric acid derivative.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, α−ketoglutarate, and citrate that are glutaric acid derivative.

Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.

Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.

The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:

The second class consists of α−ketoglutarate and citrate ion which is a derivative of glutaric acid.

The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

Answer 14

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 15

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 12.2 - Which of the following is not found within the...Ch. 12.2 - Which of the following is not an organelle? a....Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 12.2 - Which of the following statements about...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 12.3 - Which of the following statements concerning...Ch. 12.3 - Which of the following statements concerning...

Solution Summary: The author identifies the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate, and alpha -ketoglutarate.

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Chapter 12 Solutions