Problem 1DQ Problem 2DQ Problem 3DQ Problem 4DQ: The first four ionization energies for elements X and Yare shown below. The units are not kJ/mol.... Problem 5DQ Problem 6DQ Problem 7DQ Problem 8DQ Problem 9DQ Problem 10DQ Problem 11DQ Problem 12DQ Problem 13DQ Problem 14DQ Problem 15DQ Problem 16DQ Problem 17DQ Problem 18DQ: Is the following statement true or false: The hydrogen atom has a 3s orbital. Explain. Problem 19DQ: Which is higher in energy: the 2s or 2p orbital in hydrogen?Is this also true for helium? Explain. Problem 20DQ: Prove mathematically that it is more energetically favorable for a fluorine atom to take an electron... Problem 21E: Microwave radiation has a wavelength on the order of 1.0 cm. Calculate the frequency and the energy... Problem 22E: Consider the following waves representing electromagneticradiation: Which wave has the longer... Problem 23E Problem 24E: Human color vision is “produced” by the nervous systembased on how three different cone receptors... Problem 25E: One type of electromagnetic radiation has a frequency of107.1 MHz, another type has a wavelength of... Problem 26E: Carbon absorbs energy at a wavelength of 150. nm. Thetotal amount of energy emitted by a carbon... Problem 27E Problem 28E: X rays have wavelengths on the order of 110-10m .Calculate the energy of 1.010-10m X rays in units... Problem 29E: The work function of an element is the energy requiredto remove an electron from the surface of the... Problem 30E: Ionization energy is the energy required to remove anelectron from an atom in the gas phase. The... Problem 31E: It takes 208.4 kJ of energy to remove 1 mole of electronsfrom the atoms on the surface of rubidium... Problem 32E: What experimental evidence supports the quantum theoryof light? Explain the waveparticle duality of... Problem 33E: Explain the photoelectric effect. Problem 34E: Calculate the de Broglie wavelength for each of thefollowing. a. an electron with a velocity 10.% of... Problem 35E: Neutron diffraction is used in determining the structuresof molecules. a. Calculate the de Broglie... Problem 36E: Calculate the velocities of electrons with de Brogliewavelengths of 1.0102 nm and 1.0 nm,... Problem 37E: An atom of a particular element is traveling at 1% of thespeed of light. The de Broglie wavelength... Problem 38E: Characterize the Bohr model of the atom. In the Bohrmodel, what do we mean when we say something... Problem 39E Problem 40E: Consider only the transitions involving the first fourenergy levels for a hydrogen atom: a. How many... Problem 41E: Calculate the longest and shortest wavelengths of lightemitted by electrons in the hydrogen atom... Problem 42E Problem 43E: Assume that a hydrogen atom’s electron has been excitedto the n=5 level. How many different... Problem 44E: What is the maximum wavelength of light capable ofremoving an electron from a hydrogen atom in the... Problem 45E: An electron is excited from the ground state to the n=3 state in a hydrogen atom. Which of the... Problem 46E: Does a photon of visible light (=400700nm) havesufficient energy to excite an electron in a... Problem 47E: An excited hydrogen atom emits light with a wavelengthof 397.2 nm to reach the energy level for... Problem 48E: An excited hydrogen atom with an electron in the n =5state emits light having a frequency of... Problem 49E: Consider an electron for a hydrogen atom in an excitedstate. The maximum wavelength of... Problem 50E Problem 51E: One of the emission spectral lines for Be3+ has a wavelengthof 253.4 nm for an electronic transition... Problem 52E: The Heisenberg uncertainty principle can be expressed in the form Eth2 where E represents energy and... Problem 53E: Using the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, calculate x for each of the following. a. an electron... Problem 54E: We can represent both probability and radial probabilityversus distance from the nucleus for a... Problem 55E Problem 56E: Calculate the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiationrequired to excite an electron from the... Problem 57E: An electron in a one-dimensional box requires a wavelengthof 8080 nm to excite an electron from the... Problem 58E: An electron in a 10.0-nm one-dimensional box is excitedfrom the ground state into a higher-energy... Problem 59E Problem 60E: What is the total probability of finding a particle in aone-dimensional box in level n=3 between x=0... Problem 61E: Which has the lowest (ground-state) energy, an electrontrapped in a one-dimensional box of length... Problem 62E: What are quantum numbers? What information do weget from the quantum numbers n, l , and me ,? We... Problem 63E: How do 2p orbitals differ from each other? How do 2pand 3p orbitals differ from each other? What is... Problem 64E: Identify each of the following orbitals, and determinethe n and l quantum numbers. Explain your... Problem 65E: Which of the following orbital designations are incorrect:1s, 1p, 7d, 9s, 3f, 4f, 2d? Problem 66E Problem 67E: The following sets of quantum numbers are not correct.Which quantum number is not consistent with... Problem 68E: How many orbitals can have the designation 5p, 3dz2 ,4d, n=5,andn=4 ? Problem 69E: How many electrons in an atom can have the designation1p, 6dx2y2 , 4f, 7py , 2s, and n=3 ? Problem 70E Problem 71E Problem 72E: From the diagrams of 2p and 3p orbitals in Fig. 12.19and Fig. 12.20, respectively, draw a rough... Problem 73E Problem 74E Problem 75E: Total radial probability distributions for the helium,neon, and argon atoms are shown in the... Problem 76E: The relative orbital levels for the hydrogen atom can berepresented as Draw the relative orbital... Problem 77E: What is the difference between core electrons and valenceelectrons? Why do we emphasize the valence... Problem 78E Problem 79E Problem 80E: The elements of Si, Ga, As, Ge, Al, Cd, S, and Se are allused in the manufacture of various... Problem 81E: Write the expected electron configurations for the followingatoms: Sc, Fe, P, Cs, Eu, Pt, Xe, and... Problem 82E: Write the expected electron configurations for each ofthe following atoms: Cl, As, Sr, W, Pb, and... Problem 83E Problem 84E: Using Fig. 12.29, list elements (ignore the lanthanidesand actinides) that have ground-state... Problem 85E Problem 86E Problem 87E Problem 88E Problem 89E Problem 90E Problem 91E Problem 92E Problem 93E Problem 94E Problem 95E Problem 96E: A certain oxygen atom has the electron configuration 1s22s22px22py2 . How many unpaired electrons... Problem 97E Problem 98E Problem 99E Problem 100E: Explain why the first ionization energy tends to increase as one proceeds from left to right across... Problem 101E Problem 102E: The radius trend and the ionization energy trend are exact opposites. Does this make sense? Define... Problem 103E Problem 104E Problem 105E: In each of the following sets, which atom or ion has thesmallest ionization energy? a. Ca, Sr, Ba d.... Problem 106E Problem 107E Problem 108E Problem 109E Problem 110E Problem 111E Problem 112E: Consider the following ionization energies for aluminum.... Problem 113E Problem 114E Problem 115E Problem 116E Problem 117E Problem 118E Problem 119E Problem 120E Problem 121E Problem 122E Problem 123E Problem 124E Problem 125E Problem 126E Problem 127E Problem 128AE Problem 129AE Problem 130AE Problem 131AE Problem 132AE Problem 133AE Problem 134AE Problem 135AE Problem 136AE Problem 137AE Problem 138AE Problem 139AE Problem 140AE: An unknown element is a nonmetal and has a valenceelectron configuration of ns2np4 . a. How many... Problem 141AE Problem 142AE: Using data from this chapter, calculate the change inenergy expected for each of the following... Problem 143AE: Answer the following questions, assuming that ms hasfour values rather than two and that the normal... Problem 144AE Problem 145AE Problem 146AE Problem 147AE: The figure below represents part of the emission spectrumfor a one-electron ion in the gas phase.... Problem 148AE Problem 149AE Problem 150AE Problem 151AE Problem 152AE Problem 153AE Problem 154AE: Identify the following three elements. a. The ground-state electron configuration is [Kr]5s24d105p4... Problem 155AE Problem 156AE Problem 157AE Problem 158CP Problem 159CP: The ground state ionization energy for the one electronion Xm+ is 4.72104 kJ/mol. Identify X and m. Problem 160CP: When the excited electron in a hydrogen atom falls from n=5 to n=2 , a photon of blue light is... Problem 161CP Problem 162CP: The following numbers are the ratios of second ionizationenergy to first ionization energy: Na: 9.2... Problem 163CP Problem 164CP Problem 165CP Problem 166CP Problem 167CP: The ionization energy for a 1s electron in a silver atomis 2.462106 kJ/mol. a. Determine an... Problem 168CP: Without looking at data in the text, sketch a qualitativegraph of the third ionization energy versus... format_list_bulleted