Videos
(a)
Interpretation:Atoms
Concept introduction:In order to remove the electron situated in outermost shell certain minimum energy must be imparted to convert an atom to gaseous species. The energy thus imparted represents ionization energy.
The magnitude of ionization energy is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus. If the outermost shell has, for instance, one or two electrons that require very minimum ionization energy as they can attain the noble gas configuration upon loss of those electrons.
An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.
(b)
Interpretation:Atoms
Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.
(c)
Interpretation:Atoms
Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.
(d)
Interpretation:Atoms
Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.
(e)
Interpretation:Atom
Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.
(f)
Interpretation:Atom
Concept introduction:An inverse trend between atomic radius and ionization energy is found because As one moves from top to bottom the shells expand and size increases; this triggers outermost electron to remain far from any influence of nucleus. Therefore more easier is removal of electron.
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 12 Solutions
Chemical Principles
- Consider the eight most abundant elements in the human body, as outlined in Exercise 156. Excluding hydrogen, which of these elements would have the smallest size? largest size? smallest first ionization energy? largest first ionization energy?arrow_forwardWhich main group atom would be expected to have the lowest second ionization energy?arrow_forward6.84 Which graph correctly depicts the first ionization energy of three elements in groups 14 (dashed line) and 17 (solid line)? Explain the reasoning you used to make your choice.arrow_forward
- Compare the elements B, Al, C, Si. (a) Which has the most metallic character? (b) Which has the largest atomic radius? (c) Arrange the three elements B, Al, and C in order of increasing first ionization energy.arrow_forwardr Questions 11—13, you will need to consider ionizations beyond the first ionization energy. For example, the second ionization energy is the energy to remove a second electron from an element. Compare the first ionization energy of helium to its second ionization energy, remembering that both electrons come from the 1s orbital. l> X Y First 170 200 second 350 400 Third 1800 3500 fouth 2500 5000 entify the elements X and Y. There may be more than one answer. so explain completely.arrow_forward6.82 A particular element has the following values for its first four ionization energies: 900, 1760, 14, 850, and 21,000 kJ/mol. Without consulting a list of ionization energy values, determine what group in the periodic table this element belongs in.arrow_forward
- Does the information on alkali metals in Table 2-8 of the text confirm the general periodic trends in ionization energy and atomic radius? Explain.arrow_forwardIn each of the following sets of elements, which element would he expected to have the highest ionization energy? msp;a.Cs,K,Lic.l,Br,Clb.Ba,Sr,Cad.Mg,Si,Sarrow_forwardWrite one possible set of quantum numbers for the valence electrons of calcium.arrow_forward
- Arrange the following in order of increasing radius and increasing ionization energy. a. N+, N, N b. Se, Se, Cl, Cl+ c. Br, Rb+, Sr2+arrow_forwardConsider the following statement "The ionization energy for the potassium atom is negative, because when K loses an electron to become K +, it achieves a noble gas electron configuration." Indicate everything that is correct in this statement. Indicate everything that is incorrect. Correct the incorrect information and explain.arrow_forwardUsing orbital box diagrams, depict an electron configuration for each of the following ions: (a) Mg2+, (b) K+, (c) Cl, and (d) O2.arrow_forward
Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
World of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStax
Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning