(a) Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted. Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H 2 O , oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes . In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

Question

On the next page is an LC separation of the parabens found in baby wash. Parabens are suspected in a link to breast cancer therefore an accurate way to quantitate them is desired. a. In the chromatogram, estimate k' for ethyl paraben. Clearly indicate what values you used for all the terms in your calculation. b. Is this a "good" value for a capacity factor? Explain. c. What is the resolution between n-Propyl paraben and n-Butyl paraben? Again, indicate clearly what values you used in your calculation. MAU | Methyl paraben 40 20 0 -2 Ethyl paraben n-Propyl paraben n-Butyl paraben App ID 22925 6 8 min

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 12, Problem 12.23P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

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On the next page is an LC separation of the parabens found in baby wash. Parabens are suspected in a link to breast cancer therefore an accurate way to quantitate them is desired. a. In the chromatogram, estimate k' for ethyl paraben. Clearly indicate what values you used for all the terms in your calculation. b. Is this a "good" value for a capacity factor? Explain. c. What is the resolution between n-Propyl paraben and n-Butyl paraben? Again, indicate clearly what values you used in your calculation. MAU | Methyl paraben 40 20 0 -2 Ethyl paraben n-Propyl paraben n-Butyl paraben App ID 22925 6 8 min

d. In Figure 4, each stationary phase shows some negative correlation between plate count and retention factor. In other words, as k' increases, N decreases. Explain this relationship between k' and N. Plate Count (N) 4000 3500 2500 2000 1500 1000 Figure 4. Column efficiency (N) vs retention factor (k') for 22 nonionizable solutes on FMS (red), PGC (black), and COZ (green). 3000 Eluent compositions (acetonitrile/water, A/W) were adjusted to obtain k' less than 15, which was achieved for most solutes as follows: FMS (30/70 A/W), PGC (60/40), COZ (80/20). Slightly different compositions were used for the most highly retained solutes. All columns were 50 mm × 4.6 mm id and packed with 5 um particles, except for COZ, which was packed with 3 um particles. All other chromatographic conditions were constant: column length 5 cm, column j.§. 4.6 mm, flow rate 2 mL/min, column temperature 40 °C, and injection volume 0.5 μL Log(k'x/K'ethylbenzene) FMS 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 ཐྭ ཋ ཤྩ བྷྲ ; 500 0 5 10…

f. Predict how the van Deemter curve in Figure 7 would change if the temperature were raised from 40 °C to 55 °C. Figure 7. van Desmter curves in reduced coordinates for four nitroalkane homologues (nitropropane, black; nitrobutane, red; nitropentane, blue; and nitrohexane, green) separated on the FMS phase. Chromatographic conditions: column dimensions 50 mm × 4.6 mm id, eluent 30/70 ACN/water, flow rates 0.2-5.0 mL/min, injection volume 0.5 and column temperature 40 °C. No corrections to the plate heights have been made to account for extracolumn dispersion. Reduced Plate Height (h) ° 20 40 60 Reduced Velocity (v) 8. (2) A water sample is analyzed for traces of benzene using headspace analysis. The sample and standard are spiked with a fixed amount of toluene as an internal standard. The following data are obtained: Ppb benzene Peak area benzene Peak area toluene 10.0 252 376 Sample 533 368 What is the concentration of benzene in the sample?

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 12, Problem 12.23P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 12, Problem 12.23P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 12, Problem 12.23P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 12.23P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 12.23P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 12.23P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In presence of ozone and H2O, oxidative cleavage occurs in alkynes. In oxidative cleavage both the sigma and pi bonds of the alkyne is broken. In case of terminal alkynes, carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide is formed while in case of internal alkynes, only carboxylic acids are formed.

Answer 14

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Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.1P Ch. 12 - Problem 12.2 What alkane is formed when each...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.3P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.4P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.5P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.6P Ch. 12 - Compound Molecular formula before...Ch. 12 - Problem 12.8 Draw the products formed when...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.9P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the alkyne which yields the given oxidative cleavage products is shown in Figure 2.

Chapter 12 Solutions