(a) Interpretation: Lewis dot structure of nitrate ion should be drawn. Concept Introduction: Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons. Shared electrons get shifted towards the more electronegative atom. In certain compounds delocalization of electrons takes place. In the Lewis dot structure of ions generally lone pairs are shown by the dots.
(a) Interpretation: Lewis dot structure of nitrate ion should be drawn. Concept Introduction: Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons. Shared electrons get shifted towards the more electronegative atom. In certain compounds delocalization of electrons takes place. In the Lewis dot structure of ions generally lone pairs are shown by the dots.
Solution Summary: The author explains how Lewis dot structure of nitrate ion should be drawn.
Lewis dot structure of nitrate ion should be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons. Shared electrons get shifted towards the more electronegative atom. In certain compounds delocalization of electrons takes place. In the Lewis dot structure of ions generally lone pairs are shown by the dots.
Interpretation Introduction
(b)
Interpretation:
Lewis dot structure of carbonate ion should be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons. Shared electrons get shifted towards the more electronegative atom. In certain compounds delocalization of electrons takes place. In the Lewis dot structure of ions generally lone pairs are shown by the dots.
Interpretation Introduction
(c)
Interpretation:
Lewis dot structure of ammonium ion should be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons. Shared electrons get shifted towards the more electronegative atom. In certain compounds delocalization of electrons takes place. In the Lewis dot structure of ions generally lone pairs are shown by the dots.
a) A favorable entropy change occurs when ΔS is positive. Does the order of the system increase or decrease when ΔS is positive? (b) A favorable enthalpy change occurs when ΔH is negative. Does the system absorb heat or give off heat when ΔH is negative? (c) Write the relation between ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS. Use the results of parts (a) and (b) to state whether ΔG must be positive or negative for a spontaneous change. For the reaction, ΔG is 59.0 kJ/mol at 298.15 K. Find the value of K for the reaction.
A sample of hydrated magnesium sulfate (MgSO4⋅xH2O) is analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The sample weighs 2.50 g initially and is heated in a controlled atmosphere. As the temperature increases, the water of hydration is released in two stages: (a) The first mass loss of 0.72 g occurs at 150°C, corresponding to the loss of a certain number of water molecules. (b) The second mass loss of 0.90 g occurs at 250°C, corresponding to the loss of the remaining water molecules. The residue is identified as anhydrous magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) Questions: (i) Determine the value of x (the total number of water molecules in MgSO4⋅xH2O) (ii) Calculate the percentage of water in the original sample. Write down the applications of TGA.
The solubility product of iron(III) hydroxide (Fe(OH)3) is 6.3×10−38. If 50 mL of a 0.001 M FeCl3 solution is mixed with 50 mL of a 0.005 M NaOH solution, will Fe(OH)3 precipitate? Show all step-by-step calculations. To evaluate the equilibrium constant, we must express concentrations of solutes in mol/L, gases in bars, and omit solids, liquids, and solvents. Explain why.
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