Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The formula of simple binary compound formed by Al and F should be determined.
Concept Introduction :
A binary compound is formed by two different elements usually a metal and a non-metal. A metal atom has the tendency to lose electrons and form positive cations. A non-metal atom has the tendency to gain electrons and form negative anions. Oppositely charged ions are held together by a strong electrostatic force of attraction to form binary compounds.
(a)
Answer to Problem 45CR
The formula of the binary compound formed by Al and F is AlF3 .
Explanation of Solution
The electronic configuration of aluminum with
The electronic configuration of fluorine with atomic number 9 is 1s22s22p5 . Fluorine atom has the tendency to gain one electron to obtain stable octet structure. For this reason, fluorine atom gains 1 electron to form fluoride ion (F−) .
Three fluoride ions combine with one aluminum ion to balance the charge and form a neutral binary compound AlF3 .
(b)
Interpretation:
The formula of simple binary compound formed by Li and N should be determined.
Concept Introduction :
A binary compound is formed by two different elements usually a metal and a non-metal. A metal atom has the tendency to lose electrons and form positive cations. A non-metal atom has the tendency to gain electrons and form negative anions. Oppositely charged ions are held together by a strong electrostatic force of attraction to form binary compounds.
(b)
Answer to Problem 45CR
The formula of the binary compound formed by Li and N is Li3N .
Explanation of Solution
The electronic configuration of lithium with atomic number 3 is 1s22s1 . Lithium atom has the tendency to lose one electron from the valence shell to obtain stable electronic configuration like the nearest inert gas helium. For this reason, lithium atom loses 1 electron to form lithium ion (Li+) .
The electronic configuration of nitrogen with atomic number 7 is 1s22s22p3 . Nitrogen atom has the tendency to gain three electrons to obtain stable octet structure. For this reason, nitrogen atom gains 3 electrons to form nitride ion (N3−) .
Three lithium ions combine with one nitride ion to balance the charge and form a neutral binary compound Li3N .
(c)
Interpretation:
The formula of simple binary compound formed by Ca and S should be determined.
Concept Introduction :
A binary compound is formed by two different elements usually a metal and a non-metal. A metal atom has the tendency to lose electrons and form positive cations. A non-metal atom has the tendency to gain electrons and form negative anions. Oppositely charged ions are held together by a strong electrostatic force of attraction to form binary compounds.
(c)
Answer to Problem 45CR
The formula of the binary compound formed by Ca and S is CaS .
Explanation of Solution
The electronic configuration of calcium with atomic number 20 is 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 . Calcium atom has the tendency to lose two electrons from the valence shell to obtain stable electronic configuration like the nearest inert gas argon. For this reason, calcium atom loses 2 electrons to form calcium ion (Ca2+) .
The electronic configuration of sulfur with atomic number 16 is 1s22s22p63s23p4 . Sulfur atom has the tendency to gain two electrons to obtain stable octet structure. For this reason, sulfur atom gains 2 electrons to form sulfide ion (S2−) .
One calcium ion combines with one sulfide ion to balance the charge and form a neutral binary compound CaS .
(d)
Interpretation:
The formula of simple binary compound formed by Mg and P should be determined.
Concept Introduction :
A binary compound is formed by two different elements usually a metal and a non-metal. A metal atom has the tendency to lose electrons and form positive cations. A non-metal atom has the tendency to gain electrons and form negative anions. Oppositely charged ions are held together by a strong electrostatic force of attraction to form binary compounds.
(d)
Answer to Problem 45CR
The formula of the binary compound formed by Mg and P is Mg3P2 .
Explanation of Solution
The electronic configuration of magnesium with atomic number 12 is 1s22s22p63s2 . Magnesium atom has the tendency to lose two electrons from the valence shell to obtain stable electronic configuration like the nearest inert gas neon. For this reason, magnesium atom loses 2 electrons to form magnesium ion (Mg2+) .
The electronic configuration of phosphorus with atomic number 15 is 1s22s22p63s23p3 . Phosphorus atom has the tendency to gain three electrons to obtain stable octet structure. For this reason, phosphorus atom gains 3 electrons to form phosphide ion (P3−) .
Three magnesium ions combine with two phosphide ions to balance the charge and form a neutral binary compound Mg3P2 .
(e)
Interpretation:
The formula of simple binary compound formed by Al and O should be determined.
Concept Introduction :
A binary compound is formed by two different elements usually a metal and a non-metal. A metal atom has the tendency to lose electrons and form positive cations. A non-metal atom has the tendency to gain electrons and form negative anions. Oppositely charged ions are held together by a strong electrostatic force of attraction to form binary compounds.
(e)
Answer to Problem 45CR
The formula of the binary compound formed by Al and O is Al2O3 .
Explanation of Solution
The electronic configuration of aluminum with atomic number 13 is 1s22s22p63s23p1 . Aluminum atom has the tendency to lose three electrons from the valence shell to obtain stable electronic configuration like the nearest inert gas neon. For this reason, aluminum atom loses 3 electrons to form aluminum ion (Al3+) .
The electronic configuration of oxygen with atomic number 8 is 1s22s22p4 . Oxygen atom has the tendency to gain two electrons to obtain stable octet structure. For this reason, oxygen atom gains 2 electrons to form oxide ion (O2−) .
Two aluminum ions combine with three oxide ions to balance the charge and form a neutral binary compound Al2O3 .
(f)
Interpretation:
The formula of simple binary compound formed by K and S should be determined.
Concept Introduction :
A binary compound is formed by two different elements usually a metal and a non-metal. A metal atom has the tendency to lose electrons and form positive cations. A non-metal atom has the tendency to gain electrons and form negative anions. Oppositely charged ions are held together by a strong electrostatic force of attraction to form binary compounds.
(f)
Answer to Problem 45CR
The formula of the binary compound formed by K and S is K2S .
Explanation of Solution
The electronic configuration of potassium with atomic number 19 is 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 . Potassium atom has the tendency to lose one electron from the valence shell to obtain stable electronic configuration like the nearest inert gas argon. For this reason, potassium atom loses 1 electron to form potassium ion (K+) .
The electronic configuration of sulfur with atomic number 16 is 1s22s22p63s23p4 . Sulfur atom has the tendency to gain two electrons to obtain stable octet structure. For this reason, sulfur atom gains 2 electrons to form sulfide ion (S2−) .
Two potassium ions combine with one sulfide ion to balance the charge and form a neutral binary compound K2S .
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Chapter 12 Solutions
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