General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259883989
Author: by Janice Smith
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 11.3, Problem 11.2P
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The labelled bond angles needs to be determined in the given compound 'Halothane' a general anesthetic.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition, Chapter 11.3, Problem 11.2P , additional homework tip  1

Concept Introduction:

Bond angles can be determined by VSEPR theory based on hybridization but not accurately for certain oxides, metallic compounds and gaseous salts. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atomsNumber of lone pairsShapeBond angle
220Linear180°
330Trigonal planar120°
440Tetrahedral109.5°
431Trigonal pyramidal109.5°
422Bent109.5°

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The labelled bond angles needs to be determined in the given compound 'Propene' a petroleum product.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition, Chapter 11.3, Problem 11.2P , additional homework tip  2

Concept Introduction:

Bond angles can be determined by VSEPR theory based on hybridization but not accurately for certain oxides, metallic compounds and gaseous salts Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atomsNumber of lone pairsShapeBond angle
220Linear180°
330Trigonal planar120°
440Tetrahedral109.5°
431Trigonal pyramidal109.5°
422Bent109.5°

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The labelled bond angles needs to be determined in the given compound 'Phenol' a petroleum product.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition, Chapter 11.3, Problem 11.2P , additional homework tip  3

Concept Introduction:

Bond angles can be determined by VSEPR theory based on hybridization but not accurately for certain oxides, metallic compounds and gaseous salts. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atomsNumber of lone pairsShapeBond angle
220Linear180°
330Trigonal planar120°
440Tetrahedral109.5°
431Trigonal pyramidal109.5°
422Bent109.5°

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Chapter 11 Solutions

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition

Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 11.5PCh. 11.4 - How many H’s are bonded to each indicated carbon...Ch. 11.4 - Using the skeletal structure, determine the...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 11.7PCh. 11.5 - Prob. 11.8PCh. 11.5 - For each compound. [1] Identify the functional...Ch. 11.5 - How do a carboxylic acid and an alcohol differ?...Ch. 11.5 - Label each of the following condensed structures...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 11.11PCh. 11.5 - Prob. 11.12PCh. 11.5 - Identify all of the functional groups in atenolol,...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 11.13PCh. 11.5 - Prob. 11.10PPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 11.14PCh. 11.6 - Indicate the polar bonds in each compound. Label...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 11.11PPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 11.16PCh. 11.6 - Predict the water solubility of each compound.Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 11.17PCh. 11.7 - Prob. 11.18PCh. 11.7 - Prob. 11.19PCh. 11.7 - Prob. 11.20PCh. 11 - Prob. 21PCh. 11 - Prob. 22PCh. 11 - Complete each structure by filling in all H’s and...Ch. 11 - Complete the structure of mepivacaine by filling...Ch. 11 - Prob. 25PCh. 11 - Prob. 26PCh. 11 - Prob. 27PCh. 11 - Prob. 28PCh. 11 - “Ecstasy” is a widely used illegal stimulant....Ch. 11 - Prob. 30PCh. 11 - Explain why each C—C—C bond angle in benzene...Ch. 11 - Prob. 32PCh. 11 - Convert each compound to a condensed structure.Ch. 11 - Convert each compound to a condensed structure.Ch. 11 - Convert each compound to a skeletal structure.Ch. 11 - Convert each compound to a skeletal structure.Ch. 11 - Convert each shorthand structure to a complete...Ch. 11 - Convert each shorthand structure to a complete...Ch. 11 - Convert each skeletal structure to a complete...Ch. 11 - Convert each skeletal structure to a complete...Ch. 11 - A and B are ball-and-stick models of two compounds...Ch. 11 - Prob. 42PCh. 11 - What is wrong in each of the following shorthand...Ch. 11 - Prob. 44PCh. 11 - Prob. 45PCh. 11 - Albuterol (trade names Proventil and Ventolin) is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 47PCh. 11 - Prob. 48PCh. 11 - Prob. 49PCh. 11 - (a) Identify the functional groups in donepezil,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 51PCh. 11 - GHB is an addictive, illegal recreational drug...Ch. 11 - Prob. 53PCh. 11 - Prob. 54PCh. 11 - Prob. 55PCh. 11 - Prob. 56PCh. 11 - Prob. 57PCh. 11 - (a) Identify the functional groups in venlafaxine,...Ch. 11 - You are given two unlabeled bottles of solids, one...Ch. 11 - State how potassium iodide (KI) and pentane...Ch. 11 - The given beaker contains 100 mL of the organic...Ch. 11 - Prob. 62PCh. 11 - Why do we need to know the shape of a molecule...Ch. 11 - 1,1-Dichloroethylene (CH2=CCl2) is a starting...Ch. 11 - Indicate the polar bonds in each molecule. Label...Ch. 11 - Indicate the polar bonds in each molecule. Label...Ch. 11 - Classify each molecule as polar or nonpolar.Ch. 11 - Classify each molecule as polar or nonpolar. a....Ch. 11 - Which molecule is more water soluble? Explain.Ch. 11 - Explain why pantothenic acid, vitamin B5, is water...Ch. 11 - Prob. 71PCh. 11 - Prob. 72PCh. 11 - Explain why regularly taking a large excess of a...Ch. 11 - You can obtain the minimum daily requirement of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 75PCh. 11 - Vitamin B6 is obtained by eating a diet that...Ch. 11 - Prob. 77PCh. 11 - Can an oxygen-containing organic compound, have...Ch. 11 - Prob. 79PCh. 11 - Prob. 80PCh. 11 - Benzocaine is the active ingredient in topical...Ch. 11 - Methyl salicylate is responsible for the...Ch. 11 - Answer the following questions about aldosterone,...Ch. 11 - Answer the following questions about...Ch. 11 - Prob. 85PCh. 11 - Skin moisturizers come in two types, (a) One type...Ch. 11 - THC is the active component in marijuana (Section...Ch. 11 - Cocaine is a widely abused, addicting drug....
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