Concept explainers
The study described in the paper ‘‘Marketing Actions Can Modulate Neural Representation of Experienced Pleasantness” (Proceedings of the National Academy of Science [2008]: 1050-1054) investigated whether price affects people’s judgment.
Twenty people each tasted six cabernet sauvignon wines and rated how they liked them on a scale of 1 to 6. Prior to tasting each wine, participants were told the price of the wine. Of the six wines tasted, two were actually the same wine, but for one tasting the participant was told that the wine cost $10 per bottle and for the other tasting the participant was told that the wine cost $90 per bottle. The participants were randomly assigned either to taste the $90 wine first and the $10 wine second, or the $10 wine first and the $90 wine second.
Differences were calculated by subtracting the rating for the tasting in which the participant thought the wine cost $10 from the rating for the tasting in which the participant thought the wine cost $90. The differences that follow are consistent with summary' quantities given in the paper. Difference ($90 – $10)
Carry out a hypothesis test to determine if the mean rating assigned to the wine when the cost is described as $90 is greater than the mean rating assigned to the wine when the cost is described as $10. Use α = 0.01.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
- A personality study on university students was conducted to investigate the hypothesis that extroverts have lower grades than introverts. Fifteen students completed a questionnaire that classified them as "extroverts", "average", "introverts". Overall grade point averages on a 5 point scale were reported and the following data were obtained: Group 1 (Introverts) Group 2 (Average) Group 3 (Extroverts) 3 2. 1 13 3 3 12 Test the hypothesis at the 5% significance level (a = 0.05) using the 5-step hypothesis testing procedure (show ALL steps). Make sure to clearly state the null and alternative hypotheses in formal symbol notation (or in words if formal symbol notation is not appropriate). Show your work. Show the formula and all steps of the calculations and not just the final answer. Round all values to 2 decimal places. If ANOVA is the appropriate test, you must show the complete ANOVA summary table.arrow_forwardA personality study on university students was conducted to investigate the hypothesis that extroverts have lower grades than introverts. Fifteen students completed a questionnaire that classified them as "extroverts", "average", "introverts". Overall grade point averages on a 5 point scale were reported and the following data were obtained: Group 2 (Average) Group 1 (Introverts) 3 2 Group 3 (Extroverts) 3 2 1 4 15 2 3 3 Test the hypothesis at the 5% significance level (a = 0.05) using the 5-step hypothesis testing procedure (show ALL steps). Make sure to clearly state the null and alternative hypotheses in formal symbol notation (or in words if formal symbol notation is not appropriate). Show your work. Show the formula and all steps of the calculations and not just the final answer. Round all values to 2 decimal places. If ANOVA is the appropriate test, you must show the complete ANOVA summary table.arrow_forwardThere is a large body of literature demonstrating that early exposure to frightening movies is associated with lingering fright symptoms. As part of a class on media effects study was performed in which participants were asked to write narrative accounts of their exposure to frightening movies before the age of 13. More than one-fourth of the respondents said that some of the fright symptoms were still present in waking life. Some of the data is presented in the table: Ongoing fright symptoms No Yes Observed number of study participants Group W 50 29 c. d. Group Q 31 7 a. Construct the joint distribution of the data, and the marginal distributions. b. Construct and describe the conditional distributions for the two groups of participants. Draw a bar plot of the distributions in (b). Consider a test of association for the data in the table. State in a few words what such a test is used for. e. Perform the test in (d). State the hypotheses, test statistic, decision rule, and conclusion.arrow_forward
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- Researchers wondered if there was a difference between males and females in regard to some common annoyances. They asked a random sample of males and females, the following question: "Are you annoyed by people who repeatedly check their mobile phones while having an in-person conversation?" Among the 523 males surveyed, 206 responded "Yes"; among the 503 females surveyed, 218 responded "Yes." Does the evidence suggest a higher proportion of females are annoyed by this behavior? Complete parts (a) through (g) below. This is the original question ! Question content area bottom Part 1 (a) Determine the sample proportion for each sample. The proportions of the females and males who took the survey who are annoyed by the behavior in question are 0.43340.4334 and 0.39390.3939, respectively. (Round to four decimal places as needed.) Part 2 (b) Explain why this study can be analyzed using the methods for conducting a hypothesis test regarding two independent…arrow_forwardDo cell phones increase drivers' reaction times while driving? A 2003 American Journal of Health Education study investigated the effects of cell phone use on reaction time. In the study, 60 participants were randomly selected and placed into one of two groups: the cell phone group or the control group. Those in the control group participated in the experiment with no distractions, whereas those in the cell phone group had access to text documents on a cell phone. Participants in each group were then asked to take a computerized reaction time test. Researchers then recorded each subject's reaction time in seconds. The table shows the results of the experiment. Group Populationmean Samplesize Samplemean Sample standarddeviation Phone up n=30 x¯P=0.546 sx=0.213 Control uc n=30 x¯C=0.356 sx=0.245 df=56.900 Suppose the researchers wish to examine at a significance level of alpha=0.05 if the mean reaction time for phone users is larger than the mean reaction time for the…arrow_forwardA researcher is interested in whether a difference can occur between scores on one of the Maryland Addiction Questionnaire (MAQ) subtest, namely the Motivation for Continued Treatment (MOT) among inmates incarcerated for operating a vehicle Under the Influence(OUI). One group of subjects was assigned to a treatment facility for dealing with drug abuse issues, and the other group of 20 subjects continued in the main jail with no treatment being provided. The scores follow: Treatment group 47, 50, 41, 52, 48, 46, 50, 44, 60, 48, 46, 47, 41, 39, 58, 45, 62, 50, 39, 47 Non treated group 41, 45, 40, 40, 33, 41, 42, 43, 37, 33, 53, 40, 38, 43, 55, 31, 37, 53, 38, 40 Test the research hypothesis that there will be a difference between the two sets of scores (find the t score) Calculate a confidence interval at the .95 level for establishing the true population difference between the groups [find the CI(confidence interval)] Indicate the type of research and, if appropriate, the…arrow_forward
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