The expected product has to be drawn for the given reaction with the information provided. Concept Introduction: Addition reactions are the one in which the groups are added to an unsaturated double bond. The double bond is destroyed because the groups are added across the double bond. If the considered alkene is a symmetrical one, then there is no difference in the product obtained but if the alkene is an unsymmetrical one, then regiochemistry decides the products that are obtained. When two similar groups are added across a double bond, regiochemistry is irrelevant. When adding two different groups across the double bond of an unsymmetrical alkene, the regiochemistry becomes relevant. In simple words, it can be said that, when two different groups are added across a double bond, then regiochemistry becomes relevant. Markovnikov Addition In the vinylic bond, if the bulky group gets substituted in the carbon atom that is more substituted means, it is known as Markovnikov’s addition. anti-Markovnikov Addition In the vinylic bond, if the bulky group gets substituted in the carbon atom that is less substituted means, it is known as anti-Markovnikov’s addition.

Question

(9 Pts) In one of the two Rare Earth element rows of the periodic table, identify an exception tothe general ionization energy (IE) trend. For the two elements involved, answer the followingquestions. Be sure to cite sources for all physical data that you use.a. (2 pts) Identify the two elements and write their electronic configurations.b. (2 pts) Based on their configurations, propose a reason for the IE trend exception.c. (5 pts) Calculate effective nuclear charges for the last electron in each element and theAllred-Rochow electronegativity values for the two elements. Can any of these valuesexplain the IE trend exception? Explain how (not) – include a description of how IErelates to electronegativity.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11.1, Problem 11.2P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The expected product has to be drawn for the given reaction with the information provided.

Concept Introduction:

Addition reactions are the one in which the groups are added to an unsaturated double bond. The double bond is destroyed because the groups are added across the double bond. If the considered alkene is a symmetrical one, then there is no difference in the product obtained but if the alkene is an unsymmetrical one, then regiochemistry decides the products that are obtained.

When two similar groups are added across a double bond, regiochemistry is irrelevant. When adding two different groups across the double bond of an unsymmetrical alkene, the regiochemistry becomes relevant. In simple words, it can be said that, when two different groups are added across a double bond, then regiochemistry becomes relevant.

Markovnikov Addition

In the vinylic bond, if the bulky group gets substituted in the carbon atom that is more substituted means, it is known as Markovnikov’s addition.

anti-Markovnikov Addition

In the vinylic bond, if the bulky group gets substituted in the carbon atom that is less substituted means, it is known as anti-Markovnikov’s addition.

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(9 Pts) In one of the two Rare Earth element rows of the periodic table, identify an exception tothe general ionization energy (IE) trend. For the two elements involved, answer the followingquestions. Be sure to cite sources for all physical data that you use.a. (2 pts) Identify the two elements and write their electronic configurations.b. (2 pts) Based on their configurations, propose a reason for the IE trend exception.c. (5 pts) Calculate effective nuclear charges for the last electron in each element and theAllred-Rochow electronegativity values for the two elements. Can any of these valuesexplain the IE trend exception? Explain how (not) – include a description of how IErelates to electronegativity.

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