ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-NEXTGEN+BOX (1 SEM.)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781119760986
Author: Klein
Publisher: WILEY
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 11.5, Problem 11.49P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The product that is formed in the given reaction has to be predicted.
Concept Introduction:
Addition reactions are the one in which the groups are added to an unsaturated double bond. The double bond is destroyed because the groups are added across the double bond. If the considered
When two similar groups are added across a double bond, regiochemistry is irrelevant. When adding two different groups across the double bond of an unsymmetrical alkene, the regiochemistry becomes relevant. In simple words, it can be said that, when two different groups are added across a double bond, then regiochemistry becomes relevant.
Markovnikov Addition
In the vinylic bond, if the bulky group gets substituted in the carbon atom that is more substituted means, it is known as Markovnikov’s addition.
anti-Markovnikov Addition
In the vinylic bond, if the bulky group gets substituted in the carbon atom that is less substituted means, it is known as anti-Markovnikov’s addition.
If hydrogen halide is used in presence of hydrogen peroxide, anti-Markovnikov addition takes place. This means the halide ends up on less substituted carbon atom. This is because when peroxide is used the mechanism that the reaction undergoes is radical mechanism. This involves a radical intermediate instead of ionic intermediate. The main difference between ionic mechanism and radical mechanism is that proton is installed first in ionic mechanism while in radical mechanism, halide is installed first. This is the reason why ionic mechanism gives Markovnikov product and radical mechanism gives anti-Markovnikov product.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
In an electrolytic cell, indicate the formula that relates E0 to the temperature T.
--
14:33 A
Candidate Identification
docs.google.com
11. Compound A can transform into
compound B through an organic reaction.
From the structures below, mark the
correct one:
HO
A
تھے۔
די
HO
B
○ A) Compounds A and B are isomers.
B) Both have the same number of chiral
carbons.
C) Compound A underwent an addition
reaction of Cl2 and H2O to form
compound B.
D) Compound A underwent a
substitution reaction forming the
intermediate chlorohydrin to obtain
compound B.
E) Compound A underwent an addition
reaction of Cl2 forming the chloronium
ion and then added methanol to obtain
compound B.
60
--
14:40 A
Candidate Identification
docs.google.com
13. The compound 1-bromo-hex-2-ene
reacts with methanol to form two
products. About this reaction, mark the
correct statement:
OCH3
CH3OH
Br
OCH3 +
+ HBr
A
B
A) The two products formed will have
the same percentage of formation.
B) Product B will be formed by SN1
substitution reaction with the formation
of an allylic carbocation.
C) Product A will be formed by SN1
substitution reaction with the formation
of a more stable carbocation than
product B.
D) Product A will be formed by an SN2
substitution reaction occurring in two
stages, the first with slow kinetics and
the second with fast kinetics.
E) The two compounds were obtained
by addition reaction, with compound B
having the highest percentage of
formation.
57
Chapter 11 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-NEXTGEN+BOX (1 SEM.)
Ch. 11.1 - PROBLEMS In each of the following cases, use the...Ch. 11.1 - PROBLEMS In each of the following cases, use the...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 11.4PCh. 11.1 - PROBLEMS In each of the following cases, use the...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 11.7PCh. 11.2 - Prob. 11.8PCh. 11.2 - Prob. 11.9PCh. 11.2 - Prob. 11.10PCh. 11.2 - Prob. 11.12PCh. 11.2 - Prob. 11.13P
Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 11.14PCh. 11.2 - Prob. 11.15PCh. 11.2 - Prob. 11.17PCh. 11.2 - Prob. 11.18PCh. 11.2 - Prob. 11.19PCh. 11.2 - Prob. 11.20PCh. 11.2 - PROBLEMS For each of the following, predict the...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 11.23PCh. 11.2 - PROBLEMS For each of the following, predict the...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 11.25PCh. 11.3 - Prob. 11.27PCh. 11.3 - Prob. 11.28PCh. 11.3 - Prob. 11.29PCh. 11.3 - PROBLEMS Predict the products for each of the...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 11.31PCh. 11.3 - Prob. 11.32PCh. 11.4 - Prob. 11.34PCh. 11.4 - Prob. 11.35PCh. 11.4 - Prob. 11.36PCh. 11.4 - Prob. 11.37PCh. 11.4 - Prob. 11.39PCh. 11.4 - Prob. 11.40PCh. 11.4 - Prob. 11.41PCh. 11.4 - Prob. 11.42PCh. 11.4 - Prob. 11.44PCh. 11.4 - Prob. 11.45PCh. 11.4 - Prob. 11.46PCh. 11.4 - Prob. 11.47PCh. 11.5 - Prob. 11.49PCh. 11.5 - Prob. 11.50PCh. 11.5 - Prob. 11.51PCh. 11.5 - Prob. 11.52PCh. 11.5 - Prob. 11.54PCh. 11.5 - Prob. 11.55PCh. 11.5 - Prob. 11.56PCh. 11.5 - Prob. 11.57PCh. 11.6 - Prob. 11.59PCh. 11.6 - Prob. 11.60PCh. 11.6 - Prob. 11.61PCh. 11.6 - Prob. 11.62PCh. 11.7 - Prob. 11.64PCh. 11.7 - Prob. 11.65PCh. 11.7 - Prob. 11.66PCh. 11.7 - Prob. 11.67PCh. 11.7 - Prob. 11.68PCh. 11.7 - Prob. 11.69PCh. 11.8A - Prob. 11.71PCh. 11.8A - Prob. 11.72PCh. 11.8A - Prob. 11.73PCh. 11.8A - Prob. 11.74PCh. 11.8A - Prob. 11.75PCh. 11.8A - Prob. 11.76PCh. 11.8A - Prob. 11.77PCh. 11.8A - Prob. 11.78PCh. 11.8B - Prob. 11.80PCh. 11.8B - Prob. 11.81PCh. 11.8B - Prob. 11.82PCh. 11.8B - Prob. 11.83PCh. 11.8B - Prob. 11.84PCh. 11.8B - Prob. 11.85PCh. 11.8C - Prob. 11.87PCh. 11.8C - Prob. 11.88PCh. 11.8C - Prob. 11.89PCh. 11.8C - Prob. 11.90PCh. 11.8D - Prob. 11.92PCh. 11.8D - Prob. 11.93PCh. 11.8D - Prob. 11.94PCh. 11.8D - Prob. 11.95PCh. 11.8D - Prob. 11.96PCh. 11.8D - Prob. 11.97PCh. 11.9 - Prob. 11.99PCh. 11.9 - Prob. 11.100PCh. 11.9 - Prob. 11.101PCh. 11.9 - Prob. 11.102PCh. 11.9 - Prob. 11.103PCh. 11.9 - Prob. 11.104PCh. 11.10 - Prob. 11.106PCh. 11.10 - Prob. 11.107PCh. 11.10 - Prob. 11.108PCh. 11.10 - Prob. 11.109PCh. 11.11 - Prob. 11.111PCh. 11.11 - Prob. 11.112PCh. 11.11 - Prob. 11.113PCh. 11.11 - Prob. 11.114PCh. 11.11 - Prob. 11.115PCh. 11.11 - Prob. 11.116PCh. 11.12 - Prob. 11.118PCh. 11.12 - Prob. 11.119PCh. 11.12 - Prob. 11.120PCh. 11.12 - Prob. 11.121PCh. 11.12 - Prob. 11.122PCh. 11.12 -
PROBLEMS Predict the products for each of the...
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- -- ☑ 14:30 A Candidate Identification docs.google.com 10. Amoxicillin (figure X) is one of the most widely used antibiotics in the penicillin family. The discovery and synthesis of these antibiotics in the 20th century made the treatment of infections that were previously fatal routine. About amoxicillin, mark the correct one: HO NH2 H S -N. HO Figura X. Amoxicilina A) It has the organic functions amide, ester, phenol and amine. B) It has four chiral carbons and 8 stereoisomers. C) The substitution of the aromatic ring is of the ortho-meta type. D) If amoxicillin reacts with an alcohol it can form an ester. E) The structure has two tertiary amides. 62arrow_forwardThe environmental police of a Brazilian state received a report of contamination of a river by inorganic arsenic, due to the excessive use of pesticides on a plantation on the riverbanks. Arsenic (As) is extremely toxic in its many forms and oxidation states. In nature, especially in groundwater, it is found in the form of arsenate (AsO ₄ ³ ⁻ ), which can be electrochemically reduced to As ⁰ and collected at the cathode of a coulometric cell. In this case, Potentiostatic Coulometry (at 25°C) was performed in an alkaline medium (pH = 7.5 throughout the analysis) to quantify the species. What potential (E) should have been selected/applied to perform the analysis, considering that this is an exhaustive electrolysis technique (until 99.99% of all AsO ₄ ³ ⁻ has been reduced to As ⁰ at the electrode, or n( final) = 0.01% n( initial )) and that the concentration of AsO ₄ ³ ⁻ found in the initial sample was 0.15 mmol/L ? Data: AsO ₄ 3 ⁻ (aq) + 2 H ₂ O ( l ) + 2 e ⁻ → A s O ₂ ⁻ ( a…arrow_forward-- 14:17 15. Water-soluble proteins are denatured when there is a change in the pH of the environment in which they are found. This occurs due to the protonation and deprotonation of functional groups present in their structure. Choose the option that indicates the chemical bonds modified by pH in the protein represented in the following figure. E CH2 C-OH CH2 H₂C H₁C CH CH3 CH3 CH CH₂-S-S-CH₂- 910 H B -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH₂-NH3* −0—C—CH₂- ○ A) A, C e D. • В) Вес ○ C) DeE ○ D) B, De E ○ E) A, B e C 68arrow_forward
- Suppose sodium sulfate has been gradually added to 100 mL of a solution containing calcium ions and strontium ions, both at 0.15 mol/L. Indicate the alternative that presents the percentage of strontium ions that will have precipitated when the calcium sulfate begins to precipitate. Data: Kps of calcium sulfate: 2.4x10 ⁻ ⁵; Kps of strontium sulfate: 3.2x10 ⁻ ⁷ A) 20,2 % B) 36,6 % C) 62,9 % D) 87,5 % E) 98.7%arrow_forward14:43 A Candidate Identification docs.google.com 14. The following diagrams represent hypothetical membrane structures with their components numbered from 1 to 6. Based on the figures and your knowledge of biological membranes, select the correct alternative. | 3 5 || 人 2 500000 6 A) Structures 1, 3, 5, 2 and 4 are present in a constantly fluid arrangement that allows the selectivity of the movement ○ of molecules. Structure 4, present integrally or peripherally, is responsible for this selection, while the quantity of 6 regulates the fluidity. B) The membranes isolate the cell from the environment, but allow the passage of water-soluble molecules thanks to the presence of 2 and 3. The membrane in scheme is more fluid than that in 55arrow_forward12. Mark the correct statement about reactions a and b : a. Br + -OH Br b. + Br H₂O + Br -OH + H₂O A) The reactions are elimination reactions, with reaction "a" being of type E2 and reaction "b" being of type E1. B) Reaction "a" is an E2 type elimination occurring in one step and reaction "b" is an SN1 type substitution. C) Both reactions can result in the formation of carbocation, but in reaction "b" the most stable carbocation will be formed. D) Both reactions occur at the same rate ○ and have the same number of reaction steps. E) Reaction "b" is an E2 type elimination occurring in two steps and reaction "a" is an SN2 type substitution.arrow_forward
- Chloroform, long used as an anesthetic and now considered carcinogenic, has a heat of vaporization of 31.4 kJ/mol. During vaporization, its entropy increases by 94.2 J/mol.K. Therefore, select the alternative that indicates the temperature, in degrees Celsius, at which chloroform begins to boil under a pressure of 1 atm. A) 28 B) 40 C) 52 D) 60 E) 72arrow_forwardIf we assume a system with an anodic overpotential, the variation of n as a function of current density: 1. at low fields is linear 2. at higher fields, it follows Tafel's law Obtain the range of current densities for which the overpotential has the same value when calculated for 1 and 2 cases (maximum relative difference of 5% compared to the behavior for higher fields). To which overpotential range does this correspond? Data: i = 1.5 mA cm², T = 300°C, B = 0.64, R = 8.314 J K1 mol-1 and F = 96485 C mol-1.arrow_forwardAnswer by equation pleasearrow_forward
- Some of the theories used to describe interface structure can be distinguished by:1. the measured potential difference.2. the distribution of ions in solution.3. the calculation of charge density.4. the external Helmoltz plane.arrow_forwardWhen talking about the acidity of carboxylic acids, is it the same thing to say higher or stronger acidity?arrow_forwardUsing the following two half-reactions, determine the pH range in which $NO_2^-\ (aq)$ cannot be found as the predominant chemical species in water.* $NO_3^-(aq)+10H^+(aq)+8e^-\rightarrow NH_4^+(aq)+3H_2O(l),\ pE^{\circ}=14.88$* $NO_2^-(aq)+8H^+(aq)+6e^-\rightarrow NH_4^+(aq)+2H_2O(l),\ pE^{\circ}=15.08$arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781259911156
Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305577213
Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078021558
Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781118431221
Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher:WILEY