10th Edition

ISBN: 9781305957404

Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher: Cengage Learning

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Solutions can be considered as homogeneous mixtures which contain two or more than two chemical substances. The chemical substance which is the greater part is defined as solvent. And the chemical substance that is dissolved in a solvent is referred to a…

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Textbook Question

Chapter 11, Problem 30Q

Table sugar (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) or urea [(NH₂)₂CO] can be used by road crews to melt ice on roads, but solutions of CaCl₂ are generally used instead. Assuming equal costs per pound of substance, why is CaCl₂ used instead of table sugar or urea?

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Chapter 11 Solutions

Chemistry

Ch. 11 - Prob. 1RQ Ch. 11 - Using KF as an example, write equations that refer...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3RQ Ch. 11 - Prob. 4RQ Ch. 11 - Define the terms in Raoults law. Figure 10-9...Ch. 11 - In terms of Raoults law, distinguish between an...Ch. 11 - Vapor-pressure lowering is a colligative property,...Ch. 11 - What is osmotic pressure? How is osmotic pressure...Ch. 11 - Distinguish between a strong electrolyte, a weak...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10RQ

Ch. 11 - Prob. 1ALQ Ch. 11 - Once again, consider Fig. 10-9. Suppose instead of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3ALQ Ch. 11 - Prob. 4ALQ Ch. 11 - You have read that adding a solute to a solvent...Ch. 11 - You drop an ice cube (made from pure water) into a...Ch. 11 - Using the phase diagram for water and Raoults law,...Ch. 11 - You and your friend are each drinking cola from...Ch. 11 - Prob. 9ALQ Ch. 11 - Prob. 10ALQ Ch. 11 - If a solution shows positive deviations from...Ch. 11 - Prob. 12ALQ Ch. 11 - Rubbing alcohol contains 585 g isopropanol...Ch. 11 - Prob. 14SR Ch. 11 - Prob. 15SR Ch. 11 - Prob. 16SR Ch. 11 - Calculate the sodium ion concentration when 70.0...Ch. 11 - Write equations showing the ions present after the...Ch. 11 - Rationalize the temperature dependence of the...Ch. 11 - The weak electrolyte NH3(g) does not obey Henrys...Ch. 11 - The two beakers in the sealed container...Ch. 11 - The following plot shows the vapor pressure of...Ch. 11 - When pure methanol is mixed with water, the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 24Q Ch. 11 - For an acid or a base, when is the normality of a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 26Q Ch. 11 - Prob. 27Q Ch. 11 - Prob. 28Q Ch. 11 - Prob. 29Q Ch. 11 - Table sugar (C12H22O11) or urea [(NH2)2CO] can be...Ch. 11 - If two different aqueous solutions of proteins...Ch. 11 - An extremely important application of dialysis is...Ch. 11 - Explain the terms isotonic solution, crenation,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 34Q Ch. 11 - Prob. 35E Ch. 11 - A typical IV used in hospitals is dextrose 5% in...Ch. 11 - Prob. 37E Ch. 11 - Prob. 38E Ch. 11 - Common commercial acids and bases are aqueous...Ch. 11 - In lab you need to prepare at least 100 mL of each...Ch. 11 - Prob. 41E Ch. 11 - Prob. 42E Ch. 11 - Prob. 43E Ch. 11 - Calculate the molarity and mole fraction of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 45E Ch. 11 - Prob. 46E Ch. 11 - Prob. 47E Ch. 11 - a. Use the following data to calculate the...Ch. 11 - Although Al(OH)3 is insoluble in water, NaOH is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 50E Ch. 11 - Prob. 51E Ch. 11 - Prob. 52E Ch. 11 - For each of the following pairs, predict which...Ch. 11 - Which ion in each of the following pairs would you...Ch. 11 - Rationalize the trend in water solubility for the...Ch. 11 - In flushing and cleaning columns used in liquid...Ch. 11 - The solubility of nitrogen in water is 8.21 104...Ch. 11 - Calculate the solubility of O2 in water at a...Ch. 11 - The vapor pressure of a solution containing 53.6 g...Ch. 11 - An aqueous solution containing glucose has a vapor...Ch. 11 - The normal boiling point of diethyl ether is...Ch. 11 - At a certain temperature, the vapor pressure of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 63E Ch. 11 - A solution is prepared by mixing 0.0300 mole of...Ch. 11 - What is the composition of a methanol...Ch. 11 - Benzene and toluene form an ideal solution....Ch. 11 - Which of the following will have the lowest total...Ch. 11 - Prob. 68E Ch. 11 - Match the vapor pressure diagrams with the...Ch. 11 - The vapor pressures of several solutions of...Ch. 11 - A solution is prepared by dissolving 27.0 g urea,...Ch. 11 - A 2.00-g sample of a large biomolecule was...Ch. 11 - What mass of glycerin (C3H8O3), a nonelectrolyte,...Ch. 11 - The freezing point of 1-butanol is 25.50C and Kf...Ch. 11 - Prob. 75E Ch. 11 - What volume of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2), a...Ch. 11 - Reserpine is a natural product isolated from the...Ch. 11 - A solution contains 3.75 g of a nonvolatile pure...Ch. 11 - a. Calculate the freezing-point depression and...Ch. 11 - Erythrocytes are red blood cells containing...Ch. 11 - Prob. 81E Ch. 11 - Prob. 82E Ch. 11 - Prob. 83E Ch. 11 - Prob. 84E Ch. 11 - Consider the following solutions: 0.010 m Na3PO4...Ch. 11 - From the following: pure water solution of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 87E Ch. 11 - Prob. 88E Ch. 11 - Prob. 89E Ch. 11 - Consider the following representations of an ionic...Ch. 11 - Prob. 91E Ch. 11 - Prob. 92E Ch. 11 - Use the following data for three aqueous solutions...Ch. 11 - The freezing-point depression of a 0.091-m...Ch. 11 - Prob. 95E Ch. 11 - A 0.500-g sample of a compound is dissolved in...Ch. 11 - The solubility of benzoic acid (HC7H5O2), is 0.34...Ch. 11 - Prob. 99AE Ch. 11 - Prob. 100AE Ch. 11 - Prob. 101AE Ch. 11 - In Exercise 96 in Chapter 8, the pressure of CO2...Ch. 11 - Explain the following on the basis of the behavior...Ch. 11 - The term proof is defined as twice the percent by...Ch. 11 - Prob. 105AE Ch. 11 - Prob. 106AE Ch. 11 - A solution is made by mixing 50.0 g acetone...Ch. 11 - Prob. 108AE Ch. 11 - Thyroxine, an important hormone that controls the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 110AE Ch. 11 - An unknown compound contains only carbon,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 112AE Ch. 11 - Prob. 113AE Ch. 11 - Prob. 115AE Ch. 11 - Patients undergoing an upper gastrointestinal...Ch. 11 - Prob. 118CWP Ch. 11 - The lattice energy of NaCl is 786 kJ/mol, and the...Ch. 11 - For each of the following pairs, predict which...Ch. 11 - The normal boiling point of methanol is 64.7C. A...Ch. 11 - A solution is prepared by mixing 1.000 mole of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 123CWP Ch. 11 - A 4.7 102 mg sample of a protein is dissolved in...Ch. 11 - A solid consists of a mixture of NaNO3 and...Ch. 11 - The vapor pressure of pure benzene is 750.0 torr...Ch. 11 - Prob. 127CP Ch. 11 - Plants that thrive in salt water must have...Ch. 11 - You make 20.0 g of a sucrose (C12H22O11) and NaCl...Ch. 11 - Prob. 130CP Ch. 11 - The vapor in equilibrium with a pentane-hexane...Ch. 11 - A forensic chemist is given a white solid that is...Ch. 11 - A 1.60-g sample of a mixture of naphthalene...Ch. 11 - Prob. 134CP Ch. 11 - Prob. 135CP Ch. 11 - You have a solution of two volatile liquids, A and...Ch. 11 - In some regions of the southwest United States,...Ch. 11 - Specifications for lactated Ringers solution,...Ch. 11 - Creatinine, C4H7N3O, is a by-product of muscle...Ch. 11 - An aqueous solution containing 0.250 mole of Q, a...Ch. 11 - Anthraquinone contains only carbon, hydrogen, and...

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Table sugar (C 12 H 22 O 11 ) or urea [(NH 2 ) 2 CO] can be used by road crews to melt ice on roads, but solutions of CaCl 2 are generally used instead. Assuming equal costs per pound of substance, why is CaCl 2 used instead of table sugar or urea?

Solution Summary: The author explains the importance of CaCl_2 instead of sugar or urea given the statements.

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Chapter 11 Solutions