Problem 1RQ Problem 2RQ: Using KF as an example, write equations that refer to Hsoln and Hhyd Lattice energy was defined in... Problem 3RQ Problem 4RQ Problem 5RQ: Define the terms in Raoults law. Figure 10-9 illustrates the net transfer of water molecules from... Problem 6RQ: In terms of Raoults law, distinguish between an ideal liquid-liquid solution and a nonideal... Problem 7RQ: Vapor-pressure lowering is a colligative property, as are freezing-point depression and... Problem 8RQ: What is osmotic pressure? How is osmotic pressure calculated? Molarity units are used in the osmotic... Problem 9RQ: Distinguish between a strong electrolyte, a weak electrolyte, and a nonelectrolyte. How can... Problem 10RQ Problem 1ALQ Problem 2ALQ: Once again, consider Fig. 10-9. Suppose instead of having a nonvolatile solute in the solvent in one... Problem 3ALQ Problem 4ALQ Problem 5ALQ: You have read that adding a solute to a solvent can both increase the boiling point and decrease the... Problem 6ALQ: You drop an ice cube (made from pure water) into a saltwater solution at 0C. Explain what happens... Problem 7ALQ: Using the phase diagram for water and Raoults law, explain why salt is spread on the roads in winter... Problem 8ALQ: You and your friend are each drinking cola from separate 2-L bottles. Both colas are equally... Problem 9ALQ Problem 10ALQ Problem 11ALQ: If a solution shows positive deviations from Raoults law, would you expect the solution to have a... Problem 12ALQ Problem 13SR: Rubbing alcohol contains 585 g isopropanol (C3H7OH) per liter (aqueous solution). Calculate the... Problem 14SR Problem 15SR Problem 16SR Problem 17SR: Calculate the sodium ion concentration when 70.0 mL of 3.0 M sodium carbonate is added to 30.0 mL of... Problem 18SR: Write equations showing the ions present after the following strong electrolytes are dissolved in... Problem 19Q: Rationalize the temperature dependence of the solubility of a gas in water in terms of the kinetic... Problem 20Q: The weak electrolyte NH3(g) does not obey Henrys law. Why? O2(g) obeys Henrys law in water but not... Problem 21Q: The two beakers in the sealed container illustrated below contain pure water and an aqueous solution... Problem 22Q: The following plot shows the vapor pressure of various solutions of components A and B at some... Problem 23Q: When pure methanol is mixed with water, the resulting solution feels warm. Would you expect this... Problem 24Q Problem 25Q: For an acid or a base, when is the normality of a solution equal to the molarity of the solution and... Problem 26Q Problem 27Q Problem 28Q Problem 29Q Problem 30Q: Table sugar (C12H22O11) or urea [(NH2)2CO] can be used by road crews to melt ice on roads, but... Problem 31Q: If two different aqueous solutions of proteins have the same boiling point, what other physical... Problem 32Q: An extremely important application of dialysis is the use of artificial kidney machines to purify... Problem 33Q: Explain the terms isotonic solution, crenation, and hemolysis. Problem 34Q Problem 35E Problem 36E: A typical IV used in hospitals is dextrose 5% in water (called D5W). This solution is injected into... Problem 37E Problem 38E Problem 39E: Common commercial acids and bases are aqueous solutions with the following properties: Density... Problem 40E: In lab you need to prepare at least 100 mL of each of the following solutions. Explain how you would... Problem 41E Problem 42E Problem 43E Problem 44E: Calculate the molarity and mole fraction of acetone in a 1.00-m solution of acetone (CH3COCH3) in... Problem 45E Problem 46E Problem 47E Problem 48E: a. Use the following data to calculate the enthalpy of hydration for calcium chloride and calcium... Problem 49E: Although Al(OH)3 is insoluble in water, NaOH is very soluble. Explain in terms of lattice energies. Problem 50E Problem 51E Problem 52E Problem 53E: For each of the following pairs, predict which substance would be more soluble in water. a. or b. or... Problem 54E: Which ion in each of the following pairs would you expect to be more strongly hydrated? Why? a. Na+... Problem 55E: Rationalize the trend in water solubility for the following simple alcohols: Alcohol Solubility... Problem 56E: In flushing and cleaning columns used in liquid chromatography to remove adsorbed contaminants, a... Problem 57E: The solubility of nitrogen in water is 8.21 104 mol/L at 0C when the N2 pressure above water is... Problem 58E: Calculate the solubility of O2 in water at a partial pressure of O2 of 120 torr at 25C. The Henrys... Problem 59E: The vapor pressure of a solution containing 53.6 g glycerin (C3H8O3) in 133.7 g ethanol (C2H5OH) is... Problem 60E: An aqueous solution containing glucose has a vapor pressure of 19.6 torr at 25C. What would be the... Problem 61E: The normal boiling point of diethyl ether is 34.5C. A solution containing a nonvolatile solute... Problem 62E: At a certain temperature, the vapor pressure of pure benzene (C6H6) is 0.930 atm. A solution was... Problem 63E Problem 64E: A solution is prepared by mixing 0.0300 mole of CH2Cl2 and 0.0500 mole of CH2Br2 at 25C. Assuming... Problem 65E: What is the composition of a methanol (CH3OH)-propanol (CH3CH2CH2OH) solution that has a vapor... Problem 66E: Benzene and toluene form an ideal solution. Consider a solution of benzene and toluene prepared at... Problem 67E: Which of the following will have the lowest total vapor pressure at 25C? a. pure water (vapor... Problem 68E Problem 69E: Match the vapor pressure diagrams with the solute-solvent combinations and explain your answers. a.... Problem 70E: The vapor pressures of several solutions of water-propanol (CH3CH2CH2OH) were determined at various... Problem 71E: A solution is prepared by dissolving 27.0 g urea, (NH2)CO, in 150.0 g water. Calculate the boiling... Problem 72E: A 2.00-g sample of a large biomolecule was dissolved in 15.0 g carbon tetrachloride. The boiling... Problem 73E: What mass of glycerin (C3H8O3), a nonelectrolyte, must be dissolved in 200.0 g water to give a... Problem 74E: The freezing point of 1-butanol is 25.50C and Kf is 9.1C kg/mol. Usually t-butanol absorbs water on... Problem 75E Problem 76E: What volume of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2), a nonelectrolyte, must be added to 15.0 L water to produce... Problem 77E: Reserpine is a natural product isolated from the roots of the shrub Rauwolfia serpenlina. It was... Problem 78E: A solution contains 3.75 g of a nonvolatile pure hydrocarbon in 95 g acetone. The boiling points of... Problem 79E: a. Calculate the freezing-point depression and osmotic pressure at 25C of an aqueous solution... Problem 80E: Erythrocytes are red blood cells containing hemoglobin. In a saline solution they shrivel when the... Problem 81E Problem 82E Problem 83E Problem 84E Problem 85E: Consider the following solutions: 0.010 m Na3PO4 in water 0.020 m CaBr2 in water 0.020 m KCl in... Problem 86E: From the following: pure water solution of C12H22O11 (m = 0.01) in water solution of NaCl (m = 0.01)... Problem 87E Problem 88E Problem 89E Problem 90E: Consider the following representations of an ionic solute in water. Which flask contains MgSO4, and... Problem 91E Problem 92E Problem 93E: Use the following data for three aqueous solutions of CaCl2 to calculate the apparent value of the... Problem 94E: The freezing-point depression of a 0.091-m solution of CsCl is 0.320C. The freezing-point depression... Problem 95E Problem 96E: A 0.500-g sample of a compound is dissolved in enough water to form 100.0 mL of solution. This... Problem 97AE: The solubility of benzoic acid (HC7H5O2), is 0.34 g/100 mL in water at 25C and is 10.0 g/100 mL in... Problem 99AE Problem 100AE Problem 101AE Problem 102AE: In Exercise 96 in Chapter 8, the pressure of CO2 in a bottle of sparkling wine was calculated... Problem 103AE: Explain the following on the basis of the behavior of atoms and/or ions. a. Cooking with water is... Problem 104AE: The term proof is defined as twice the percent by volume of pure ethanol in solution. Thus, a... Problem 105AE Problem 106AE Problem 107AE: A solution is made by mixing 50.0 g acetone (CH3COCH3) and 50.0 g methanol (CH3OH). What is the... Problem 108AE Problem 109AE: Thyroxine, an important hormone that controls the rate of metabolism in the body, can be isolated... Problem 110AE Problem 111AE: An unknown compound contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Combustion analysis of the compound... Problem 112AE Problem 113AE Problem 115AE Problem 117AE: Patients undergoing an upper gastrointestinal tract laboratory test are typically given an X-ray... Problem 118CWP Problem 119CWP: The lattice energy of NaCl is 786 kJ/mol, and the enthalpy of hydration of 1 mole of gaseous Na+ and... Problem 120CWP: For each of the following pairs, predict which substance is more soluble in water. a. CH3NH2 or NH3... Problem 121CWP: The normal boiling point of methanol is 64.7C. A solution containing a nonvolatile solute dissolved... Problem 122CWP: A solution is prepared by mixing 1.000 mole of methanol (CH3OH) and 3.18 moles of propanol... Problem 123CWP Problem 124CWP: A 4.7 102 mg sample of a protein is dissolved in water to make 0.25 mL of solution. The osmotic... Problem 125CWP: A solid consists of a mixture of NaNO3 and Mg(NO3)2. When 6.50 g of the solid is dissolved in 50.0 g... Problem 126CP: The vapor pressure of pure benzene is 750.0 torr and the vapor pressure of toluene is 300.0 torr at... Problem 127CP Problem 128CP: Plants that thrive in salt water must have internal solutions (inside the plant cells) that are... Problem 129CP: You make 20.0 g of a sucrose (C12H22O11) and NaCl mixture and dissolve it in 1.00 kg water. The... Problem 130CP Problem 131CP: The vapor in equilibrium with a pentane-hexane solution at 25C has a mole fraction of pentane equal... Problem 132CP: A forensic chemist is given a white solid that is suspected of being pure cocaine (C17H21NO4, molar... Problem 133CP: A 1.60-g sample of a mixture of naphthalene (C10H8) and anthracene (C14H10) is dissolved in 20.0 g... Problem 134CP Problem 135CP Problem 136CP: You have a solution of two volatile liquids, A and B (assume ideal behavior). Pure liquid A has a... Problem 137CP: In some regions of the southwest United States, the water is very hard. For example, in Las Cruces,... Problem 138CP: Specifications for lactated Ringers solution, which is used for intravenous (IV) injections, are as... Problem 140IP: Creatinine, C4H7N3O, is a by-product of muscle metabolism, and creatinine levels in the body are... Problem 141IP: An aqueous solution containing 0.250 mole of Q, a strong electrolyte, in 5.00 102 g water freezes... Problem 142IP: Anthraquinone contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. When 4.80 mg anthraquinone is burned, 14.2... format_list_bulleted