ANAT.+PHYSIO.1-LAB.MAN. >CUSTOM<
20th Edition
ISBN: 9781264303106
Author: VanPutte
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 24RAC
An inhibitory presynaptic neuron can affect a postsynaptic neuron by
- Producing an IPSP in the postsynaptic neuron.
- Hyperpolarizing the plasma membrane of the postsynaptic neuron.
- Causing K+ to diffuse out of the postsynaptic neuron.
- Causing Cl- to diffuse into the postsynaptic neuron.
- All of these are correct.
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Which of the following are the likely explanations for the failure of a postsynaptic neuron to trigger an action potential? Select all that apply.
The EPSPs are neutralized by the neurotransmitter
The summation of IPSPs and EPSPs is insufficient to depolarize the cell to threshold
The synapses generating the EPSPs are too close to the axon hillock
The synapses generating the EPSPs are too far from the axon hillock
Explain the difference between slow and fast chemical transmission. Fig. 8.23
If a post synaptic neuron is stimulated to threshold by spatial summation this implies that
the post synaptic cell has a lower than normal threshold
the postsynaptic cell has many synapses with many presynaptic neurons
the post synaptic cell is getting stimulated many times during a short period of time by a single
presynaptic neuron
the post synaptic cell is slow to repolarize
Chapter 11 Solutions
ANAT.+PHYSIO.1-LAB.MAN. >CUSTOM<
Ch. 11.1 - List and give examples of the general functions of...Ch. 11.2 - Name the components of the CNS and the PNS.Ch. 11.2 - What are the following: sensory receptor, nerve,...Ch. 11.2 - Based on the direction they transmit action...Ch. 11.2 - Based on the structures they supply, what are the...Ch. 11.2 - Where are the cell bodies of sensory, somatic...Ch. 11.2 - What are the subcategories of the ANS?Ch. 11.2 - Compare the general functions of the CNS and the...Ch. 11.3 - Describe and give the function of a neuron cell...Ch. 11.3 - What is the function of the trigger zone?
Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 11.3 - Describe the three types of neurons based on...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 11.3 - What characteristic makes glial cells different...Ch. 11.3 - Which glial cells are found in the CNS? In the...Ch. 11.3 - Which type of glial cell Supports neurons and...Ch. 11.3 - Name the different kinds of glial cells that ore...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 18AYPCh. 11.3 - How do myelinated axons differ from unmyelinated...Ch. 11.4 - What makes up gray matter and white matter?Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 11.5 - Describe the concentration differences for Na+ and...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 23AYPCh. 11.5 - Describe leak ion channels and go ted ion...Ch. 11.5 - Define ligand, receptor, and receptor site.Ch. 11.5 - What kinds of stimuli cause gated ion channels to...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 27AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 28AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 29AYPCh. 11.5 - What happens to cause depolarization and...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 31AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 32AYPCh. 11.5 - How does on action potential differ from a local...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 34AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 35AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 36AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 37AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 38AYPCh. 11.5 - What is action potential frequency? What two...Ch. 11.5 - Describe sub-threshold threshold, maximal,...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 41AYPCh. 11.5 - What prevents on action potential from reversing...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 43AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 44AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 45AYPCh. 11.6 - What are the components of a synapse? What is the...Ch. 11.6 - What is on electrical synapse? Describe its...Ch. 11.6 - Describe the release of neurotransmitter In a...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 49AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 50AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 51AYPCh. 11.6 - Explain the production of EPSPs and IPSPs. Why are...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 53AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 54AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 55AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 56AYPCh. 11.7 - Diagram a convergent pathway, a divergent pathway,...Ch. 11 - The part of the nervous system that controls...Ch. 11 - Motor neurons and interneurons are _______...Ch. 11 - Cells found in the choroid plexuses that secrete...Ch. 11 - Glial cells that are phagocytic within the central...Ch. 11 - Action potentials are conducted more rapidly In...Ch. 11 - Clusters of neuron cell bodies within the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7RACCh. 11 - Prob. 8RACCh. 11 - Compared with the inside of the resting plasma...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10RACCh. 11 - Prob. 11RACCh. 11 - If the permeability of the plasma membrane to K+...Ch. 11 - Decreasing the extracellular concentration of K+...Ch. 11 - Prob. 14RACCh. 11 - Which of these statements about ion movement...Ch. 11 - Prob. 16RACCh. 11 - Graded potentials a. spread over the plasma...Ch. 11 - During the depolarization phase of an action...Ch. 11 - Prob. 19RACCh. 11 - Prob. 20RACCh. 11 - Prob. 21RACCh. 11 - Neurotransmitter substances are stored in vesicles...Ch. 11 - In a chemical synapse, Action potentials in the...Ch. 11 - An inhibitory presynaptic neuron can affect a...Ch. 11 - Summation Is caused by combining two or more...Ch. 11 - In convergent pathways. a. the response of the...Ch. 11 - A child eats a whole bottle of salt (NaCl)...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2CTCh. 11 - Prob. 3CTCh. 11 - Prob. 4CTCh. 11 - The speed of action potential propagation and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 6CTCh. 11 - Strychnine blocks receptor sites for inhibitory...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8CTCh. 11 - Prob. 9CTCh. 11 - Prob. 10CT
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- In terms of function when a presynaptic neuron receiving input from a nearby inhibitory neuron, it can be inferred that the both neurons firing won't be synchronized activation of the inhibitory neuron is nullified activation of the presynaptic neurotransmitter release is enhanced this type of interaction represents a regulatory input of neuronal activationarrow_forwardParkinson's Disease Parkinson's disease is neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement. Most people affected with Parkinson's disease demonstrate rigidity, slow movement, and shaking. The symptoms of Parkinson's disease occur when the cells that produce dopamine neurotransmitters die in the brain. Explain how the signal transmission at a synapse in an individual with Parkinson's disease is different than an unaffected individual. Describe the normal process of signal transmission at a synapse. Start with the arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal and include the name of the neurotransmitter that is affected by Parkinson's disease. Explain how the process is different in individuals affected with Parkinson's disease.arrow_forwardInhibitory postsynaptic potentials cause what type of change at the post-synaptic membrane? Hyperpolarization Depolarization Decreased threshold No changearrow_forward
- Which of the following is FALSE about action potentials? At resting potential, there are more potassium channels open and most sodium channels are closed. Depolarization is due to the flow of Na+ out of the axon via voltage-gated Na+ channels. Hyperpolarization is due to continued loss of K+ from the axon. During repolarization, K+ flows out of the axon along its concentration gradient. Resting membrane potential is primarily established by the Na+/K+ pump.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding postsynaptic potentials is correct? IPSPs are the result of influx of potassium ions and EPSPs are the result of efflux of sodium ions. IPSPs are the result of efflux of potassium ions and EPSPs are the result of influx of chloride ions. IPSPs are the result of efflux of potassium ions and EPSPs are the result of influx of sodium ions. IPSPs are the result of efflux of chloride ions and EPSPs are the result of efflux of calcium ions.arrow_forwardExcitatory neurotransmitters open up some sodium ion channels in the postsynaptic dendrite. This allows some sodium ions (Na+) to enter the postsynaptic dendrite, making the membrane potential more positive and bringing it closer to the threshold potential. This increases the likelihood of an action potential. Inhibitory neurotransmitters open up ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane for positive potassium ions (K+) to flow out OR negative chloride ions (Cl-) to flow in. Whether potassium ions go out or chloride ions go in, the postsynaptic cell becomes more negative than the resting membrane potential (further from the threshold potential). This decreases the likelihood of an action potential. The effect of the inhibitory neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane is to a. maintain the resting potential b. hyperpolarize the postsynaptic membrane c. depolarize the postsynaptic membrane d. decrease the threshold levelarrow_forward
- If a graded receptor potential made the resting membrane potential of the axon more negative, you would expect: Subsequent action potentials to be reduced in their amplitude It to be easier for this axon to reach threshold voltage It to be more difficult for this axon to reach the threshold voltage Subsequent action potentials to be shorter in duration No change in the ability of this axon to reach threshold voltagearrow_forwardWhich of the following combinations of spatial summation of postsynaptic potentials (PSP) would result in an action potential in a typical neuron? The voltage given for each PSP is measured as it reaches the axon hillock. Axon A EPSP 25 mV & axon B IPSP 10 mV Axon A IPSP 25 mV & axon B EPSP 10 mV Axon A IPSP 5 mV & axon B IPSP 5 mV Axon A EPSP 5 mV & axon B EPSP 5 mVarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements best describes the properties of a myelinated axons? The axon has an even distribution of ion channels but it is covered by layers of myelin apart from short sections termed the nodes of Ranvier where there is no myelin. The action potential is able to jump from node to node because the myelin sheath increases the length constant. There are very few ion channels underneath the myelin. The density of Na+ channels at the nodes of Ranvier is very high but there are no K+ channels in myelinated axons. The myelin sheath increases the rate of action potential conduction because the action potential underneath the myelin sheath travels faster than an action potential in an unmyelinated axon.arrow_forward
- An EPSP facilitates depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane by O increasing the permeability of the membrane to K+. O stimulating the Na+-K+ pump. O allowing Cl- to enter the cell. O increasing the permeability of the membrane to Na+. O insulating the hillock region of the axon.arrow_forwardFor each FALSE statement, explain why it is incorrect.arrow_forwardSelect all of the statements from the list below that are true. Within a single axon, an action potential is always of the same magnitude. (In other words, it always looks the same on a trace of the membrane potential.) All excitatory post-synaptic potentials trigger an action potential. Graded potentials are always hyperpolarizing. The action potential always moves in one direction along an axon. Integration of sensory information is a major function of the central nervous system. All axons in the body are myelinated.arrow_forward
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