ANAT.+PHYSIO.1-LAB.MAN. >CUSTOM<
20th Edition
ISBN: 9781264303106
Author: VanPutte
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 11, Problem 14RAC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
During the process of resting potential, inactivation gates open and activation gates close. It results in no diffusion of sodium ions. At the stage, when depolarization reaches the level of threshold, the activation gates open and closing of inactivation gates takes place.
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Match each type of membrane potential to its definition:
The membrane potential at which voltage gated sodium channels open.
The membrane potential that triggers the action potential.
Threshold potential Change in membrane potential that may or may not reach threshold and that may be depolarizing or hyperpolarizing.
Rapid, strong depolarization followed by immediate repolarization. This potential is self-renewing if the right ion channels are nearby.
Answer Options: Resting Potential, Threshold Potential, Graded Potential, Action Potential
Graded potentials and action potentials are both changes in membrane potential created by ion movement between the extracellular and intracellular fluids.
When the membrane voltage shifts from the RMP to a more negative voltage; this is a
depolarization
repolarization
hyperpolarization
polarization
Chapter 11 Solutions
ANAT.+PHYSIO.1-LAB.MAN. >CUSTOM<
Ch. 11.1 - List and give examples of the general functions of...Ch. 11.2 - Name the components of the CNS and the PNS.Ch. 11.2 - What are the following: sensory receptor, nerve,...Ch. 11.2 - Based on the direction they transmit action...Ch. 11.2 - Based on the structures they supply, what are the...Ch. 11.2 - Where are the cell bodies of sensory, somatic...Ch. 11.2 - What are the subcategories of the ANS?Ch. 11.2 - Compare the general functions of the CNS and the...Ch. 11.3 - Describe and give the function of a neuron cell...Ch. 11.3 - What is the function of the trigger zone?
Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 11.3 - Describe the three types of neurons based on...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 11.3 - What characteristic makes glial cells different...Ch. 11.3 - Which glial cells are found in the CNS? In the...Ch. 11.3 - Which type of glial cell Supports neurons and...Ch. 11.3 - Name the different kinds of glial cells that ore...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 18AYPCh. 11.3 - How do myelinated axons differ from unmyelinated...Ch. 11.4 - What makes up gray matter and white matter?Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 11.5 - Describe the concentration differences for Na+ and...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 23AYPCh. 11.5 - Describe leak ion channels and go ted ion...Ch. 11.5 - Define ligand, receptor, and receptor site.Ch. 11.5 - What kinds of stimuli cause gated ion channels to...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 27AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 28AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 29AYPCh. 11.5 - What happens to cause depolarization and...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 31AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 32AYPCh. 11.5 - How does on action potential differ from a local...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 34AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 35AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 36AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 37AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 38AYPCh. 11.5 - What is action potential frequency? What two...Ch. 11.5 - Describe sub-threshold threshold, maximal,...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 41AYPCh. 11.5 - What prevents on action potential from reversing...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 43AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 44AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 45AYPCh. 11.6 - What are the components of a synapse? What is the...Ch. 11.6 - What is on electrical synapse? Describe its...Ch. 11.6 - Describe the release of neurotransmitter In a...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 49AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 50AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 51AYPCh. 11.6 - Explain the production of EPSPs and IPSPs. Why are...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 53AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 54AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 55AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 56AYPCh. 11.7 - Diagram a convergent pathway, a divergent pathway,...Ch. 11 - The part of the nervous system that controls...Ch. 11 - Motor neurons and interneurons are _______...Ch. 11 - Cells found in the choroid plexuses that secrete...Ch. 11 - Glial cells that are phagocytic within the central...Ch. 11 - Action potentials are conducted more rapidly In...Ch. 11 - Clusters of neuron cell bodies within the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7RACCh. 11 - Prob. 8RACCh. 11 - Compared with the inside of the resting plasma...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10RACCh. 11 - Prob. 11RACCh. 11 - If the permeability of the plasma membrane to K+...Ch. 11 - Decreasing the extracellular concentration of K+...Ch. 11 - Prob. 14RACCh. 11 - Which of these statements about ion movement...Ch. 11 - Prob. 16RACCh. 11 - Graded potentials a. spread over the plasma...Ch. 11 - During the depolarization phase of an action...Ch. 11 - Prob. 19RACCh. 11 - Prob. 20RACCh. 11 - Prob. 21RACCh. 11 - Neurotransmitter substances are stored in vesicles...Ch. 11 - In a chemical synapse, Action potentials in the...Ch. 11 - An inhibitory presynaptic neuron can affect a...Ch. 11 - Summation Is caused by combining two or more...Ch. 11 - In convergent pathways. a. the response of the...Ch. 11 - A child eats a whole bottle of salt (NaCl)...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2CTCh. 11 - Prob. 3CTCh. 11 - Prob. 4CTCh. 11 - The speed of action potential propagation and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 6CTCh. 11 - Strychnine blocks receptor sites for inhibitory...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8CTCh. 11 - Prob. 9CTCh. 11 - Prob. 10CT
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- Which of the following BEST explains the inside negative potential in resting neurons? sodium flows down its electrochemical gradient through sodium-selective channels that are open in resting neurons membrane transporters produce a large sodium concentration gradient by selectively accumulating sodium ions outside the cell the membrane of a resting neuron is more permeable to potassium ions than to other ions present a larger concentration of chloride ions are found inside the cell making the inside of the cell more negative compared to the outside of the cellarrow_forwardRepolarization occurs because Multiple Choice more sodium ions diffuse into the cell than potassium ions diffuse out of it. potassium ions continue to diffuse out of the cell after the inactivation gates of the voltage-gated sodium ion channels begin to close. the increased potassium ion permeability lasts slightly longer than the time required to bring the membrane potential back to its resting level. the extra efflux of potassium ions causes the membrane potential to become slightly more positive than the resting value. the inactivation gates of the voltage-gated sodium ion channels begin to open and the diffusion of sodium ions decreases.arrow_forwardAn action potential is regarded as an example of positive feedback. Which of the following examples below best illustrates the positive feedback aspect of an action potential? Voltage gated potassium ion channels open slowly and remain open long enough to cause hyperpolarization The sodium potassium pump consistently moves ions as long as ATP is available, and regardless of membrane potential changes. A threshold stimulus will cause the opening of voltage gated sodium ion channels that will cause further depolarization by opening still more voltage gated sodium ion channels along the axon.arrow_forward
- Propagation of action potential and transmission mean: current flow along the cell membrane current flow through the synapse current flow using saltatory conduction all of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following occurs immediately after the peak of an action potential? The membrane potential begins to repolarize O Voltage gated potassium channels are open Ⓒ Voltage gated sodium channels are inactivated The cell is in the absolute refractory period All of the abovearrow_forwardClassify each phrase as describing ligand-gated ion channels, voltage-gated ion channels, or both. Ligand-gated ion channels a form of passive transport Voltage-gated ion channels include the acetylcholine receptor change conformation in response to changing membrane potential Answer Bank may participate in an action potential Both change conformation in response to a signal molecule bindingarrow_forward
- Which of the following phases of an action potential is correctly matched with the changes in ion movement and membrane potential? All of these are correctly matched. Phase 1 – sodium movement into the cell Phase 3 – potassium movement into the cell Phase 2 – sodium movement out of the cellarrow_forwardHyperkalemia is a condition by which ECF potassium levels become too high (usually due to kidney failure). Consider the following questions about the consequence of hyperkalemia on membrane potential. How would hyperkalemia affect EK? Considering your answer to the previous question, how would hyperkalemia affect membrane potential?arrow_forwardThe resting potential of most cells is most dependent concentration gradient of: on the transmembrane Chloride Sodium Potassium Calciumarrow_forward
- Determine whether each description refers to local (graded) potentials, action potentials, or both. Strength decreases as the signal [ Choose ] spreads Voltage-gated ion channels are [ Choose ] involved Neurotransmitter binds to [ Choose ] chemically gated ion channels on the cell body or dendrites Begin at the axon hillock [ Choose ] The membrane potential is [ Choose ] changed EPSPS and IPSPS [ Choose ] They are always the same strength, and once started they cannot be stopped ( Choose ] Next P Type here to searcharrow_forwardWhich of the following are TRUE, when describing the Action Potential of a Non- Contractile Cardiac Pacemaker cell? Select ALL that are true. O Resting membrane potential is more polarized than in neurons, because of more Leakage channels for K+. Progressive Na+ channel (the "funny current", iNa) opening, activates a Transient Voltage Sensitive (T-type) Ca++ channel. Together these channels depolarize the membrane and activate Voltage-Sensitive Long-acting (L-Type) Ca++ channel. The resulting depolarization, closes the "funny" current and T-type Ca++ channels. O Action Potential depolarization, resulting from the Voltage-Activated Na+ channel, triggers Voltage-Sensitive Long-acting (L-Type) Ca++ channel. OMembrane depolarization triggers Voltage-Activated K+ channels (Delayed Rectifier) to open. Increasing K+ permeability and repolarizing the membrane. When the membrane polarizes to -60 mv, the Delayed Rectifier closes and a progressive Na+ channel (the "funny current", iNa) opens. The…arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding action potentials is false? Na+ channel inactivation is due to a voltage-dependent block of the channel pore. Once Na+ channels enter the inactivated state, the only way to remove the inactivation is by repolarizing them (bring the neuron back to rest). Voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels begin to open at the same time when the membrane is depolarized. The probability that voltage-gated Na+ channels will open is increased when the membrane depolarizes.arrow_forward
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