ANAT.+PHYSIO.1-LAB.MAN. >CUSTOM<
20th Edition
ISBN: 9781264303106
Author: VanPutte
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 23RAC
In a chemical synapse,
- Action potentials in the presynaptic terminal cause voltage-gated Ca2+ channels to open.
- Neurotransmitters can cause ligand-gated Na+ channels to open.
- Neurotransmitters can be broken down by enzymes.
- Neurotransmitters can be taken up by the presynaptic terminal.
- All of these are correct.
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Which of the following are the likely explanations for the failure of a postsynaptic neuron to trigger an action potential? Select all that apply.
The EPSPs are neutralized by the neurotransmitter
The summation of IPSPs and EPSPs is insufficient to depolarize the cell to threshold
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The synapses generating the EPSPs are too far from the axon hillock
During excitatory synaptic transmission, the electrical signal carried along the axon of a
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of ions across neuronal membranes as an action potential is conducted down the neuron?
A
B
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D
At rest, the internal side of the membrane has an overall positive charge, but as the ac-
tion potential moves down the neuron, more ions flow out of the neuron to neutralize
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At rest, the internal side of the membrane has an overall positive charge, but as the ac-
tion potential moves down the neuron, more ions flow into the neuron making the
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ads to paralysis and nerve damage in the people to whom it is exposed.
Chapter 11 Solutions
ANAT.+PHYSIO.1-LAB.MAN. >CUSTOM<
Ch. 11.1 - List and give examples of the general functions of...Ch. 11.2 - Name the components of the CNS and the PNS.Ch. 11.2 - What are the following: sensory receptor, nerve,...Ch. 11.2 - Based on the direction they transmit action...Ch. 11.2 - Based on the structures they supply, what are the...Ch. 11.2 - Where are the cell bodies of sensory, somatic...Ch. 11.2 - What are the subcategories of the ANS?Ch. 11.2 - Compare the general functions of the CNS and the...Ch. 11.3 - Describe and give the function of a neuron cell...Ch. 11.3 - What is the function of the trigger zone?
Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 11.3 - Describe the three types of neurons based on...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 11.3 - What characteristic makes glial cells different...Ch. 11.3 - Which glial cells are found in the CNS? In the...Ch. 11.3 - Which type of glial cell Supports neurons and...Ch. 11.3 - Name the different kinds of glial cells that ore...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 18AYPCh. 11.3 - How do myelinated axons differ from unmyelinated...Ch. 11.4 - What makes up gray matter and white matter?Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 11.5 - Describe the concentration differences for Na+ and...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 23AYPCh. 11.5 - Describe leak ion channels and go ted ion...Ch. 11.5 - Define ligand, receptor, and receptor site.Ch. 11.5 - What kinds of stimuli cause gated ion channels to...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 27AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 28AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 29AYPCh. 11.5 - What happens to cause depolarization and...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 31AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 32AYPCh. 11.5 - How does on action potential differ from a local...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 34AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 35AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 36AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 37AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 38AYPCh. 11.5 - What is action potential frequency? What two...Ch. 11.5 - Describe sub-threshold threshold, maximal,...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 41AYPCh. 11.5 - What prevents on action potential from reversing...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 43AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 44AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 45AYPCh. 11.6 - What are the components of a synapse? What is the...Ch. 11.6 - What is on electrical synapse? Describe its...Ch. 11.6 - Describe the release of neurotransmitter In a...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 49AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 50AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 51AYPCh. 11.6 - Explain the production of EPSPs and IPSPs. Why are...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 53AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 54AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 55AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 56AYPCh. 11.7 - Diagram a convergent pathway, a divergent pathway,...Ch. 11 - The part of the nervous system that controls...Ch. 11 - Motor neurons and interneurons are _______...Ch. 11 - Cells found in the choroid plexuses that secrete...Ch. 11 - Glial cells that are phagocytic within the central...Ch. 11 - Action potentials are conducted more rapidly In...Ch. 11 - Clusters of neuron cell bodies within the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7RACCh. 11 - Prob. 8RACCh. 11 - Compared with the inside of the resting plasma...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10RACCh. 11 - Prob. 11RACCh. 11 - If the permeability of the plasma membrane to K+...Ch. 11 - Decreasing the extracellular concentration of K+...Ch. 11 - Prob. 14RACCh. 11 - Which of these statements about ion movement...Ch. 11 - Prob. 16RACCh. 11 - Graded potentials a. spread over the plasma...Ch. 11 - During the depolarization phase of an action...Ch. 11 - Prob. 19RACCh. 11 - Prob. 20RACCh. 11 - Prob. 21RACCh. 11 - Neurotransmitter substances are stored in vesicles...Ch. 11 - In a chemical synapse, Action potentials in the...Ch. 11 - An inhibitory presynaptic neuron can affect a...Ch. 11 - Summation Is caused by combining two or more...Ch. 11 - In convergent pathways. a. the response of the...Ch. 11 - A child eats a whole bottle of salt (NaCl)...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2CTCh. 11 - Prob. 3CTCh. 11 - Prob. 4CTCh. 11 - The speed of action potential propagation and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 6CTCh. 11 - Strychnine blocks receptor sites for inhibitory...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8CTCh. 11 - Prob. 9CTCh. 11 - Prob. 10CT
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What is a synapse? Explain the difference between an excitatory and an inhibitory synapse.arrow_forwardAssume presynaptic excitatory neuron A terminates on a postsynaptic cell near the axon hillock and presynaptic excitatory neuron B terminates on the same postsynaptic cell on a dendrite located on the side of the cell body opposite the axon hillock. Explain why rapid firing of presynaptic neuron A could bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold through temporal summation, thus initiating an action potential, whereas firing of presynaptic neuron B at the same frequency and the same magnitude of EPSPs may not bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold.arrow_forwardYou are investigating the effects of a newly discovered cell type. You have an intact synapse (including pre- and post-synaptic neurons) in a dish and observe what happens upon electrical stimulation. Following electrical stimulation of the pre-synaptic neuron, you record an action potential in the pre-synaptic neuron and an EPSP in the post-synaptic neuron. The synapse most likely utilizes which of the following neurotransmitters? Sodium (Na++) GABA Calcium (Ca++) Glutamatearrow_forward
- Which statement is TRUE about the synapse? Neurotransmitters shuttle the signal back and forth between the pre- and post-synaptic cell. The pre-synaptic cell and post-synaptic cell are in direct contact, allowing the electrical signal to seamlessly flow from one to the other. The action potential jumps from the pre-synaptic cell into the post-synaptic cell. The action potential ends in the pre-synaptic cell and neurotransmitters carry the signal across the synaptic cleft to the post-synaptic cell.arrow_forwardSynaptic transmission depends upon :- a-direct transmission of impulses from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic neuronb- diffusion of neurotransmitters from synaptic knobs into the soma and dendrites of postsynaptic neuronsc- presence of voltage-gated Ca ++ channels in membrane of synaptic knobsd- presence of voltage-gated Ca ++ channels in the subsynaptic membranearrow_forwardIn chemical synapses, transmission occurs in a forward direction because :-a- neurotransmitter receptors are found only in the postsynaptic membraneb- the subsynaptic membrane does not contain neurotransmitter vesiclesc- the subsynaptic membrane is more sensitive than the membrane of synaptic knob to the effect of neurotransmittersd- the subsynaptic membrane contains both ligand-gated and voltage-gated ionic channelsarrow_forward
- For the nervous system to convey information using electrical signals, the signals typically must be passed from one neuron to another. Oftentimes, this transfer of information across the synapse occurs via the release of neurotransmitters from the pre-synaptic terminal. When a large stimulus is detected in one neuron, it often conveys this information by releasing a larger amount of neurotransmitter into the synapse.arrow_forwardA postsynaptic neuron has three presynaptic inputs from neurons X, Y, and Z. When X and Y are stimulated simultaneously and repeatedly, the postsynaptic neuron reaches threshold and undergoes an action potential. When X and Z are stimulated simultaneously, however, there is no change in the membrane potential of the postsynaptic neuron. Which of the following is correct? Select one: A. The simultaneous stimulation of X and Z is an example of temporal summation. O B. The simultaneous stimulation of X and Y is an example of temporal summation. O C. The repeated rapid stimulation of X is an example of spatial summation. O D. The stimulation of Y causes an IPSP in the postsynaptic neuron. O E. The stimulation of Z causes a hyperpolarization in the postsynaptic neuron.arrow_forwardWhich of the following combinations of spatial summation of postsynaptic potentials (PSP) would result in an action potential in a typical neuron? The voltage given for each PSP is measured as it reaches the axon hillock. Axon A EPSP 25 mV & axon B IPSP 10 mV Axon A IPSP 25 mV & axon B EPSP 10 mV Axon A IPSP 5 mV & axon B IPSP 5 mV Axon A EPSP 5 mV & axon B EPSP 5 mVarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements regarding action potentials is false? Na+ channel inactivation is due to a voltage-dependent block of the channel pore. Once Na+ channels enter the inactivated state, the only way to remove the inactivation is by repolarizing them (bring the neuron back to rest). Voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels begin to open at the same time when the membrane is depolarized. The probability that voltage-gated Na+ channels will open is increased when the membrane depolarizes.arrow_forwardYou have a neural system with three neurons; two presynaptic (PS1 and PS2) and one postsynaptic (Post). Over a fixed period of time, PS1 and PS2 generate the pattern of action potentials. Both deliver the same pattern. PS1 delivers EPSP to Post and PS2 delivers IPSP to Post. Also present in the system is a chemical that inhibits the binding of PS2's neurotransmitter to Post's receptors. Will Post be likely to produce an action potential in response to this situation?arrow_forwardI have stimulated a neuron with dopamine for a second followed by treating it with cocaine and calcium chelating agent (which chelates out all calcium from the system making them unavailable for function), what will be the effect of such impulse on generating an action potential in the post-synaptic neuron? Will it be different if I pretreat the set of nerve cells with cocaine and calcium chelating agent followed by stimulating the neuron with dopamine? Justify your answer with proper reasoning in brief.arrow_forward
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