Choose the phrase from the right column that best fits the term in the left column. a. DNA polymorphism DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences b. phase two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals c. informative cross arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid d. ASO location on a chromosome e. SNP a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms f. DNA fingerprinting a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus g. SSR detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci h. locus allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant i. compound heterozygote all exons in a genome j. exome individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 11, Problem 1P

Choose the phrase from the right column that best fits the term in the left column.

a. DNA polymorphism	DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences
b. phase	two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals
c. informative cross	arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid
d. ASO	location on a chromosome
e. SNP	a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms
f. DNA fingerprinting	a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus
g. SSR	detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci
h. locus	allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant
i. compound heterozygote	all exons in a genome
j. exome	individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “DNA polymorphism” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is packaged in a chromosome as two spiraling strands. These two strands twist together to form a double helix structure.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

DNA polymorphism: A DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

Explanation of Solution

DNA polymorphism refers to a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more alleles at a locus.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “phase” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The term phase is also described as linkage phase. The occurrence of two dissimilar genes on same chromosome is defined as linkage.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Phase: Arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

Explanation of Solution

The arrangement of the alleles of linked genes on two parental chromosomes referred to as the linkage phase.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “informative cross” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The forms of genetic crossese are informative cross, testcross, backcross, monohybrid cross, and dihybrid cross.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Informative cross: Allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

Explanation of Solution

The genetic crosses that allow the identification of recombinant and nonrecombinant gametes are known as informative crosses.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “ASO” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The full form of ASO is allele-specific oligonucleotide. Short deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid polymers are defined as oligonucleotide.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

ASO: A short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chosen SNP locus

Explanation of Solution

ASO refers to short 20 to 40 base long oligonucleotides that will hybridize under specific conditions to only one of the two alleles at SNP locus.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

e.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “SNP” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

SNP is referred to as single nucleotide polymorphism. The differnce in the sequence of nucleotide between the living beings is described as polymorphism.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

SNP: Two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

Explanation of Solution

SNP refers to a single nucleotide locus with two naturally existing alleles described by single base pair substitution.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

f.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “DNA fingerprinting” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) fingerprinting refers to a technique that is generally utilized for forensic purposes.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

DNA fingerprinting: Detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

Explanation of Solution

In DNA fingerprinting, genotyping of multiple polymorphic loci provides information to identify people from their DNA.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

g.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “SSR” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The full form of SSR is simple sequence repeats, and these repeats are also known as microsatellites.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

SSR: DNA element composed of short tandemly repeated sequences:

Explanation of Solution

The loci of SSR consist of sequences of few bases that are repeated in tandem less than ten to more than hundred times.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

h.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “locus” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

Locus term is sometimes also defined as a gene. The term gene refers to the primary unit of heredity.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Locus: Location on a chromosome

Explanation of Solution

Locus refers to a designated location on a chromosome. Inside the nucleus, the molecule of DNA is packaged into a specific structure known as chromosome.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

i.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “compound heterozygote” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The individual containing two types of alleles for a particular gene is described as the heterozygote.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Compound heterozygote: Individual with two different mutations in the same gene

Explanation of Solution

Compound heterozygote refers to an individual that contain two different mutant alleles of the same gene.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

j.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “exome” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The term exome refer to coding parts of the genes. Genes are the primary functional and physical unit of heredity.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Exome: All exons in a genome

Explanation of Solution

Exome refers to the collection of all exons of all the genes and constitutes less than two percent of whole-genome DNA.

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Match each of the terms in the left column to the bestfitting phrase from the right column.a. exome 1. a discrete part of a protein that provides a unitof functionb. de novo gene 2. a nonfunctional member of a gene familyc. gene desert 3. the joining together of exons in a gene indifferent combinationsd. pseudogene 4. most frequent residues, either nucleotide oramino acid, found at each position in asequence alignmente. syntenic block 5. set of genes related by processes ofduplication and divergencef. orthologs 6. chromosomal region with the same genes inthe same order in two different speciesg. naturalselection7. genes with sequence similarities in twodifferent species that arose from a commonancestral geneh. consensussequence8. genes that arose by duplication within aspeciesi. gene family 9. genomic DNA sequences containing exonsj. paralogs 10. gene-poor region of the genomek. alternativeRNA splicing11. recently evolved from intergenic DNAsequencesl. protein domain 12. progressive…

Parts a-e

Pls see file

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 11, Problem 1P

Choose the phrase from the right column that best fits the term in the left column.

a. DNA polymorphism	DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences
b. phase	two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals
c. informative cross	arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid
d. ASO	location on a chromosome
e. SNP	a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms
f. DNA fingerprinting	a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus
g. SSR	detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci
h. locus	allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant
i. compound heterozygote	all exons in a genome
j. exome	individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “DNA polymorphism” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is packaged in a chromosome as two spiraling strands. These two strands twist together to form a double helix structure.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

DNA polymorphism: A DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

Explanation of Solution

DNA polymorphism refers to a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more alleles at a locus.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “phase” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The term phase is also described as linkage phase. The occurrence of two dissimilar genes on same chromosome is defined as linkage.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Phase: Arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

Explanation of Solution

The arrangement of the alleles of linked genes on two parental chromosomes referred to as the linkage phase.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “informative cross” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The forms of genetic crossese are informative cross, testcross, backcross, monohybrid cross, and dihybrid cross.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Informative cross: Allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

Explanation of Solution

The genetic crosses that allow the identification of recombinant and nonrecombinant gametes are known as informative crosses.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “ASO” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The full form of ASO is allele-specific oligonucleotide. Short deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid polymers are defined as oligonucleotide.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

ASO: A short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chosen SNP locus

Explanation of Solution

ASO refers to short 20 to 40 base long oligonucleotides that will hybridize under specific conditions to only one of the two alleles at SNP locus.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

e.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “SNP” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

SNP is referred to as single nucleotide polymorphism. The differnce in the sequence of nucleotide between the living beings is described as polymorphism.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

SNP: Two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

Explanation of Solution

SNP refers to a single nucleotide locus with two naturally existing alleles described by single base pair substitution.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

f.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “DNA fingerprinting” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) fingerprinting refers to a technique that is generally utilized for forensic purposes.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

DNA fingerprinting: Detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

Explanation of Solution

In DNA fingerprinting, genotyping of multiple polymorphic loci provides information to identify people from their DNA.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

g.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “SSR” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The full form of SSR is simple sequence repeats, and these repeats are also known as microsatellites.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

SSR: DNA element composed of short tandemly repeated sequences:

Explanation of Solution

The loci of SSR consist of sequences of few bases that are repeated in tandem less than ten to more than hundred times.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

h.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “locus” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

Locus term is sometimes also defined as a gene. The term gene refers to the primary unit of heredity.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Locus: Location on a chromosome

Explanation of Solution

Locus refers to a designated location on a chromosome. Inside the nucleus, the molecule of DNA is packaged into a specific structure known as chromosome.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

i.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “compound heterozygote” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The individual containing two types of alleles for a particular gene is described as the heterozygote.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Compound heterozygote: Individual with two different mutations in the same gene

Explanation of Solution

Compound heterozygote refers to an individual that contain two different mutant alleles of the same gene.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

j.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “exome” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The term exome refer to coding parts of the genes. Genes are the primary functional and physical unit of heredity.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Exome: All exons in a genome

Explanation of Solution

Exome refers to the collection of all exons of all the genes and constitutes less than two percent of whole-genome DNA.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 11, Problem 1P

Choose the phrase from the right column that best fits the term in the left column.

a. DNA polymorphism	DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences
b. phase	two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals
c. informative cross	arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid
d. ASO	location on a chromosome
e. SNP	a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms
f. DNA fingerprinting	a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus
g. SSR	detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci
h. locus	allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant
i. compound heterozygote	all exons in a genome
j. exome	individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “DNA polymorphism” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is packaged in a chromosome as two spiraling strands. These two strands twist together to form a double helix structure.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

DNA polymorphism: A DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

Explanation of Solution

DNA polymorphism refers to a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more alleles at a locus.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “phase” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The term phase is also described as linkage phase. The occurrence of two dissimilar genes on same chromosome is defined as linkage.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Phase: Arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

Explanation of Solution

The arrangement of the alleles of linked genes on two parental chromosomes referred to as the linkage phase.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “informative cross” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The forms of genetic crossese are informative cross, testcross, backcross, monohybrid cross, and dihybrid cross.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Informative cross: Allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

Explanation of Solution

The genetic crosses that allow the identification of recombinant and nonrecombinant gametes are known as informative crosses.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “ASO” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The full form of ASO is allele-specific oligonucleotide. Short deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid polymers are defined as oligonucleotide.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

ASO: A short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chosen SNP locus

Explanation of Solution

ASO refers to short 20 to 40 base long oligonucleotides that will hybridize under specific conditions to only one of the two alleles at SNP locus.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

e.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “SNP” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

SNP is referred to as single nucleotide polymorphism. The differnce in the sequence of nucleotide between the living beings is described as polymorphism.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

SNP: Two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

Explanation of Solution

SNP refers to a single nucleotide locus with two naturally existing alleles described by single base pair substitution.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

f.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “DNA fingerprinting” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) fingerprinting refers to a technique that is generally utilized for forensic purposes.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

DNA fingerprinting: Detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

Explanation of Solution

In DNA fingerprinting, genotyping of multiple polymorphic loci provides information to identify people from their DNA.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

g.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “SSR” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The full form of SSR is simple sequence repeats, and these repeats are also known as microsatellites.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

SSR: DNA element composed of short tandemly repeated sequences:

Explanation of Solution

The loci of SSR consist of sequences of few bases that are repeated in tandem less than ten to more than hundred times.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

h.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “locus” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

Locus term is sometimes also defined as a gene. The term gene refers to the primary unit of heredity.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Locus: Location on a chromosome

Explanation of Solution

Locus refers to a designated location on a chromosome. Inside the nucleus, the molecule of DNA is packaged into a specific structure known as chromosome.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

i.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “compound heterozygote” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The individual containing two types of alleles for a particular gene is described as the heterozygote.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Compound heterozygote: Individual with two different mutations in the same gene

Explanation of Solution

Compound heterozygote refers to an individual that contain two different mutant alleles of the same gene.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

j.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “exome” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The term exome refer to coding parts of the genes. Genes are the primary functional and physical unit of heredity.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Exome: All exons in a genome

Explanation of Solution

Exome refers to the collection of all exons of all the genes and constitutes less than two percent of whole-genome DNA.

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Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 11, Problem 1P

Choose the phrase from the right column that best fits the term in the left column.

a. DNA polymorphism	DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences
b. phase	two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals
c. informative cross	arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid
d. ASO	location on a chromosome
e. SNP	a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms
f. DNA fingerprinting	a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus
g. SSR	detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci
h. locus	allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant
i. compound heterozygote	all exons in a genome
j. exome	individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “DNA polymorphism” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is packaged in a chromosome as two spiraling strands. These two strands twist together to form a double helix structure.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

DNA polymorphism: A DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

Explanation of Solution

DNA polymorphism refers to a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more alleles at a locus.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “phase” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The term phase is also described as linkage phase. The occurrence of two dissimilar genes on same chromosome is defined as linkage.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Phase: Arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

Explanation of Solution

The arrangement of the alleles of linked genes on two parental chromosomes referred to as the linkage phase.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “informative cross” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The forms of genetic crossese are informative cross, testcross, backcross, monohybrid cross, and dihybrid cross.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Informative cross: Allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

Explanation of Solution

The genetic crosses that allow the identification of recombinant and nonrecombinant gametes are known as informative crosses.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “ASO” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The full form of ASO is allele-specific oligonucleotide. Short deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid polymers are defined as oligonucleotide.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

ASO: A short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chosen SNP locus

Explanation of Solution

ASO refers to short 20 to 40 base long oligonucleotides that will hybridize under specific conditions to only one of the two alleles at SNP locus.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

e.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “SNP” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

SNP is referred to as single nucleotide polymorphism. The differnce in the sequence of nucleotide between the living beings is described as polymorphism.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

SNP: Two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

Explanation of Solution

SNP refers to a single nucleotide locus with two naturally existing alleles described by single base pair substitution.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

f.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “DNA fingerprinting” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) fingerprinting refers to a technique that is generally utilized for forensic purposes.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

DNA fingerprinting: Detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

Explanation of Solution

In DNA fingerprinting, genotyping of multiple polymorphic loci provides information to identify people from their DNA.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

g.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “SSR” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The full form of SSR is simple sequence repeats, and these repeats are also known as microsatellites.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

SSR: DNA element composed of short tandemly repeated sequences:

Explanation of Solution

The loci of SSR consist of sequences of few bases that are repeated in tandem less than ten to more than hundred times.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

h.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “locus” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

Locus term is sometimes also defined as a gene. The term gene refers to the primary unit of heredity.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Locus: Location on a chromosome

Explanation of Solution

Locus refers to a designated location on a chromosome. Inside the nucleus, the molecule of DNA is packaged into a specific structure known as chromosome.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

i.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “compound heterozygote” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The individual containing two types of alleles for a particular gene is described as the heterozygote.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Compound heterozygote: Individual with two different mutations in the same gene

Explanation of Solution

Compound heterozygote refers to an individual that contain two different mutant alleles of the same gene.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

j.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “exome” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The term exome refer to coding parts of the genes. Genes are the primary functional and physical unit of heredity.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Exome: All exons in a genome

Explanation of Solution

Exome refers to the collection of all exons of all the genes and constitutes less than two percent of whole-genome DNA.

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Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “DNA polymorphism” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is packaged in a chromosome as two spiraling strands. These two strands twist together to form a double helix structure.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

DNA polymorphism: A DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

Explanation of Solution

DNA polymorphism refers to a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more alleles at a locus.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “phase” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The term phase is also described as linkage phase. The occurrence of two dissimilar genes on same chromosome is defined as linkage.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Phase: Arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

Explanation of Solution

The arrangement of the alleles of linked genes on two parental chromosomes referred to as the linkage phase.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “informative cross” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The forms of genetic crossese are informative cross, testcross, backcross, monohybrid cross, and dihybrid cross.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Informative cross: Allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

Explanation of Solution

The genetic crosses that allow the identification of recombinant and nonrecombinant gametes are known as informative crosses.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “ASO” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The full form of ASO is allele-specific oligonucleotide. Short deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid polymers are defined as oligonucleotide.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

ASO: A short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chosen SNP locus

Explanation of Solution

ASO refers to short 20 to 40 base long oligonucleotides that will hybridize under specific conditions to only one of the two alleles at SNP locus.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

e.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “SNP” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

SNP is referred to as single nucleotide polymorphism. The differnce in the sequence of nucleotide between the living beings is described as polymorphism.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

SNP: Two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

Explanation of Solution

SNP refers to a single nucleotide locus with two naturally existing alleles described by single base pair substitution.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

f.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “DNA fingerprinting” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) fingerprinting refers to a technique that is generally utilized for forensic purposes.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

DNA fingerprinting: Detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

Explanation of Solution

In DNA fingerprinting, genotyping of multiple polymorphic loci provides information to identify people from their DNA.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

g.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “SSR” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The full form of SSR is simple sequence repeats, and these repeats are also known as microsatellites.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

SSR: DNA element composed of short tandemly repeated sequences:

Explanation of Solution

The loci of SSR consist of sequences of few bases that are repeated in tandem less than ten to more than hundred times.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

h.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “locus” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

Locus term is sometimes also defined as a gene. The term gene refers to the primary unit of heredity.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Locus: Location on a chromosome

Explanation of Solution

Locus refers to a designated location on a chromosome. Inside the nucleus, the molecule of DNA is packaged into a specific structure known as chromosome.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

i.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “compound heterozygote” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The individual containing two types of alleles for a particular gene is described as the heterozygote.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Compound heterozygote: Individual with two different mutations in the same gene

Explanation of Solution

Compound heterozygote refers to an individual that contain two different mutant alleles of the same gene.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

j.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “exome” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The term exome refer to coding parts of the genes. Genes are the primary functional and physical unit of heredity.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Exome: All exons in a genome

Explanation of Solution

Exome refers to the collection of all exons of all the genes and constitutes less than two percent of whole-genome DNA.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “DNA polymorphism” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is packaged in a chromosome as two spiraling strands. These two strands twist together to form a double helix structure.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

DNA polymorphism: A DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

Explanation of Solution

DNA polymorphism refers to a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more alleles at a locus.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “DNA polymorphism” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is packaged in a chromosome as two spiraling strands. These two strands twist together to form a double helix structure.

Answer 13

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

DNA polymorphism: A DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

Answer 14

Explanation of Solution

DNA polymorphism refers to a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more alleles at a locus.

Answer 15

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “phase” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The term phase is also described as linkage phase. The occurrence of two dissimilar genes on same chromosome is defined as linkage.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Phase: Arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

Explanation of Solution

The arrangement of the alleles of linked genes on two parental chromosomes referred to as the linkage phase.

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “phase” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The term phase is also described as linkage phase. The occurrence of two dissimilar genes on same chromosome is defined as linkage.

Answer 20

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Phase: Arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

Answer 21

Explanation of Solution

The arrangement of the alleles of linked genes on two parental chromosomes referred to as the linkage phase.

Answer 22

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “informative cross” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The forms of genetic crossese are informative cross, testcross, backcross, monohybrid cross, and dihybrid cross.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Informative cross: Allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

Explanation of Solution

The genetic crosses that allow the identification of recombinant and nonrecombinant gametes are known as informative crosses.

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

Expert Solution

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “informative cross” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The forms of genetic crossese are informative cross, testcross, backcross, monohybrid cross, and dihybrid cross.

Answer 27

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Informative cross: Allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

Answer 28

Explanation of Solution

The genetic crosses that allow the identification of recombinant and nonrecombinant gametes are known as informative crosses.

Answer 29

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “ASO” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The full form of ASO is allele-specific oligonucleotide. Short deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid polymers are defined as oligonucleotide.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

ASO: A short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chosen SNP locus

Explanation of Solution

ASO refers to short 20 to 40 base long oligonucleotides that will hybridize under specific conditions to only one of the two alleles at SNP locus.

Answer 30

Expert Solution

Answer 31

Expert Solution

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Answer 33

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “ASO” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The full form of ASO is allele-specific oligonucleotide. Short deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid polymers are defined as oligonucleotide.

Answer 34

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

ASO: A short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chosen SNP locus

Answer 35

Explanation of Solution

ASO refers to short 20 to 40 base long oligonucleotides that will hybridize under specific conditions to only one of the two alleles at SNP locus.

Answer 36

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

e.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “SNP” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

SNP is referred to as single nucleotide polymorphism. The differnce in the sequence of nucleotide between the living beings is described as polymorphism.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

SNP: Two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

Explanation of Solution

SNP refers to a single nucleotide locus with two naturally existing alleles described by single base pair substitution.

Answer 37

Expert Solution

Answer 38

Expert Solution

Answer 39

Expert Solution

Answer 40

Summary Introduction

e.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “SNP” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

SNP is referred to as single nucleotide polymorphism. The differnce in the sequence of nucleotide between the living beings is described as polymorphism.

Answer 41

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

SNP: Two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

Answer 42

Explanation of Solution

SNP refers to a single nucleotide locus with two naturally existing alleles described by single base pair substitution.

Answer 43

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

f.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “DNA fingerprinting” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) fingerprinting refers to a technique that is generally utilized for forensic purposes.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

DNA fingerprinting: Detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

Explanation of Solution

In DNA fingerprinting, genotyping of multiple polymorphic loci provides information to identify people from their DNA.

Answer 44

Expert Solution

Answer 45

Expert Solution

Answer 46

Expert Solution

Answer 47

Summary Introduction

f.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “DNA fingerprinting” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) fingerprinting refers to a technique that is generally utilized for forensic purposes.

Answer 48

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

DNA fingerprinting: Detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

Answer 49

Explanation of Solution

In DNA fingerprinting, genotyping of multiple polymorphic loci provides information to identify people from their DNA.

Answer 50

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

g.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “SSR” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The full form of SSR is simple sequence repeats, and these repeats are also known as microsatellites.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

SSR: DNA element composed of short tandemly repeated sequences:

Explanation of Solution

The loci of SSR consist of sequences of few bases that are repeated in tandem less than ten to more than hundred times.

Answer 51

Expert Solution

Answer 52

Expert Solution

Answer 53

Expert Solution

Answer 54

Summary Introduction

g.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “SSR” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The full form of SSR is simple sequence repeats, and these repeats are also known as microsatellites.

Answer 55

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

SSR: DNA element composed of short tandemly repeated sequences:

Answer 56

Explanation of Solution

The loci of SSR consist of sequences of few bases that are repeated in tandem less than ten to more than hundred times.

Answer 57

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

h.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “locus” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

Locus term is sometimes also defined as a gene. The term gene refers to the primary unit of heredity.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Locus: Location on a chromosome

Explanation of Solution

Locus refers to a designated location on a chromosome. Inside the nucleus, the molecule of DNA is packaged into a specific structure known as chromosome.

Answer 58

Expert Solution

Answer 59

Expert Solution

Answer 60

Expert Solution

Answer 61

Summary Introduction

h.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “locus” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

Locus term is sometimes also defined as a gene. The term gene refers to the primary unit of heredity.

Answer 62

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Locus: Location on a chromosome

Answer 63

Explanation of Solution

Locus refers to a designated location on a chromosome. Inside the nucleus, the molecule of DNA is packaged into a specific structure known as chromosome.

Answer 64

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

i.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “compound heterozygote” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The individual containing two types of alleles for a particular gene is described as the heterozygote.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Compound heterozygote: Individual with two different mutations in the same gene

Explanation of Solution

Compound heterozygote refers to an individual that contain two different mutant alleles of the same gene.

Answer 65

Expert Solution

Answer 66

Expert Solution

Answer 67

Expert Solution

Answer 68

Summary Introduction

i.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “compound heterozygote” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The individual containing two types of alleles for a particular gene is described as the heterozygote.

Answer 69

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Compound heterozygote: Individual with two different mutations in the same gene

Answer 70

Explanation of Solution

Compound heterozygote refers to an individual that contain two different mutant alleles of the same gene.

Answer 71

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

j.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “exome” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The term exome refer to coding parts of the genes. Genes are the primary functional and physical unit of heredity.

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Exome: All exons in a genome

Explanation of Solution

Exome refers to the collection of all exons of all the genes and constitutes less than two percent of whole-genome DNA.

Answer 72

Expert Solution

Answer 73

Expert Solution

Answer 74

Expert Solution

Answer 75

Summary Introduction

j.

To determine:

The phrase that describes “exome” among the options given below:

1. DNA elements composed of short tandemly repeated sequences

2. two different nucleotides appear at the same position in genomic DNA from different individuals

3. arrangement of alleles of two linked genes in a diploid

4. location on a chromosome

5. a DNA sequence that occurs in two or more variant forms

6. a short oligonucleotide that will hybridize to only one allele at a chose SNP locus

7. detection of genotype at a number of unlinked highly polymorphic loci

8. allows identification of a gamete as recombinant or nonrecombinant

9. all exons in a genome

10. individuals with two different mutations in the same gene

Introduction:

The term exome refer to coding parts of the genes. Genes are the primary functional and physical unit of heredity.

Answer 76

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

Exome: All exons in a genome

Answer 77

Explanation of Solution

Exome refers to the collection of all exons of all the genes and constitutes less than two percent of whole-genome DNA.

Answer 78

Ch. 11 - Choose the phrase from the right column that best...Ch. 11 - Would you characterize the pattern of inheritance...Ch. 11 - Would you be more likely to find single nucleotide...Ch. 11 - A recent estimate of the rate of base...Ch. 11 - If you examine Fig. 11.5 closely, you will note...Ch. 11 - Approximately 50 million SNPs have thus far been...Ch. 11 - Mutations at simple sequence repeat SSR loci occur...Ch. 11 - Humans and gorillas last shared a common ancestor...Ch. 11 - In 2015, an international team of scientists...Ch. 11 - Using PCR, you want to amplify an approximately 1...

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