CAMPBELL BIOLOGY MOD MASTERING (18 WEEK)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780136920335
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 11, Problem 13TYU
SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE
There are five basic tastes—sour, salty, sweet, bitter, and "umami." Salt is detected when the concentration of salt outside of a taste bud cell is higher than that inside of it, and ion channels allow the passive leakage of Na+ into the cell. The resulting change in membrane potential (seeConcept 7.4) sends the "salty" signal to the brain. Umami is a savory taste generated by glutamate (glutamicacid, found in monosodium glutamate, or MSG), which is used as a flavor enhancer in foods such as taco-flavored tortilla chips. The glutamate reeeptor is a GPCR, which, when bound, initiates a signaling pathway that ends with a cellular response, pereeived by you as "taste." If you eat a regulär potato chipand then rinse your mouth, you will no longer taste salt. But if you eat a flavored tortilla chip and then rinse, the taste persists. (Try it!) Proposea possiblc explanation for this difference.
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Students have asked these similar questions
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Identify the similarity between sweet receptors and bitter receptors. Choose the correct option.
O a. Both are G-protein-coupled receptors
O b. Both are expressed in the same taste cell
O c. Both stimulate the same gustatory axon
O d. Both use T1R2 and T1R3 receptor proteins
+
QUESTION 19
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QUESTION 20
Identify which of the following best describes the central taste pathways. Choose the correct option.
O a. Axons of all 12 cranial nerves terminate in the gustatory nucleus of the brain stem, which projects to the ventral posterior medial nucleus of the
thalamus, which in turn sends axons to the primary gustatory cortex and the insula
O b. Axons of three cranial nerves terminate in the gustatory nucleus of the brain stem, which projects to the ventral posterior medial nucleus of the
thalamus, which in turn sends axons to the primary gustatory cortex and the insula
O c. Axons of all 12 cranial nerves terminate in the ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus,…
Which of the following taste recognition is mediated by GPCRs?
Bitter
Umami
Sweet
Sour
Salty
1) The olfactory receptor neurons in frogs resemble those of mammals, in that
they express olfactory receptors that are coupled to a G protein. When the G
protein is activated, it activates an adenylyl cyclase to produce cAMP, which then
opens cyclic-AMP gated cation channels in the plasma membrane. The opening of
these channels depolarizes the membrane, leading to the production of an action
potential. Your friend is interested in why neurons stop responding to an odor
after prolonged exposure to it, a process called adaptation. He has conducted
experiments examining the depolarization of the olfactory receptor neuron, the
binding of odorant to the receptor, the activation of the G protein, the levels of
CAMP in the cell, and the phosphorylation of adenylyl cyclase. His results are
summarized in Table 1.
depolarization of neuron?
odorant binding to receptor?
activation of the G protein?
CAMP levels in the cell?
adenylyl cyclase phosphorylation?
no odor
no
no
no
low
no
Table 1
brief…
Chapter 11 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY MOD MASTERING (18 WEEK)
Ch. 11.1 - Explain how signaling is involved in ensuring that...Ch. 11.1 - In liver cells, glycogen Phosphorylase acts in...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 11.2 - WHAT IF? What would the effect be if a cell made...Ch. 11.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How is ligand binding similar to...Ch. 11.3 - What is a protein kinase, and what is its role in...Ch. 11.3 - When a signal transduction pathway involves a...Ch. 11.3 - What is the actual signal that is being transduced...Ch. 11.3 - WHAT IF? If you exposed a cell to a ligand that...
Ch. 11.4 - How can a targct cell's response to a single...Ch. 11.4 - WHAT IF? If two cells have different scaffolding...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 11.5 - Give an example of apoptosis during embryonic...Ch. 11.5 - WH AT IF? If apoptosis occurred when it should...Ch. 11 - What determines whether a cell responds to a...Ch. 11 - How are the structures of a GPCR and an RTK...Ch. 11 - What is the difference between a protein kinase...Ch. 11 - What mechanisms in the cell terminale its response...Ch. 11 - What is an explanation for the similarities...Ch. 11 - Binding of a signaling molecule to which type of...Ch. 11 - The activation of receptor tyrosinc kinases is...Ch. 11 - Lipid-soluble signaling molecules, such as...Ch. 11 - Consider this pathway: epinephrine G...Ch. 11 - Apoptosis involves all but which of the following?...Ch. 11 - Which Observation suggestcd to Sutherland the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 11 - DRAW IT Draw the following apoptotic pathway,...Ch. 11 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Identify the evolutlonary...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 11 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY The aging process...Ch. 11 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION The properties...Ch. 11 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE There are five basic...
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- 1. Protein anions have a charge. However, they do not move across the membrane to produce changes in RMP. Why? 2. At the molecular level, what causes the absolute refractory period? 3. At the molecular level, what is different during the relative refractory period? 4. What would happen if Na+ channels opened and stayed open? 5. How is stimulus intensity coded in APs? 6. What effect does AP frequency have on NT release?arrow_forwardPart A Which of the following statements about pain-relief substances is correct? View Available Hint(s) O Endorphins are synthetic pain-killers. O Met-enkephalin has pain-killing ability because of its structural similarity to morphine. O Many natural pain-killing polypeptides are ideal for medical use. O Receptors of opium derivatives are found in all body cells. Submitarrow_forwardExplain why some taste receptor cells and all olfactoryreceptor cells use G protein-coupled receptors, yet onlyolfactory receptor cells produce action potentials.arrow_forward
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