FLUID MECHANICS FUNDAMENTALS+APPS
4th Edition
ISBN: 2810022150991
Author: CENGEL
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 11, Problem 121P
To determine
The layer which is not considered in the turbulent boundary layer.
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The Nusselt number is related to Reynolds number in laminar and turbulent flows respectively
as
(A) Re & Re%
(B) Re & Re"
(C) Re% & Re
(D) Re & Re%
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Write in the boxes on the side that the following statements given about the laminar boundary layer on a flat plate are true or false.
a) when the density of the fluid increases, the boundary layer thickness increases.b) when the viscosity of the fluid increases, the boundary layer thickness increases.c) if the Reynolds number is increased at an X-position, the boundary layer thickness increases.d) if the external flow rate increases, the boundary layer thickness increases.e) turbulent ST has a fuller speed profile than laminar ST.
Chapter 11 Solutions
FLUID MECHANICS FUNDAMENTALS+APPS
Ch. 11 - What is drag? What causes it? Why do we usually...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2CPCh. 11 - Which bicyclist is more likely to go faster: one...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4CPCh. 11 - Define the frontal area of a body subjected to...Ch. 11 - Define the planform area of a body subjected to...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7CPCh. 11 - What is the difference between streamlined and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 9CPCh. 11 - During flow over a given body, the drag force, the...
Ch. 11 - During flow over a given slender body such as a...Ch. 11 - What is terminal velocity? How is it determined?Ch. 11 - What is the difference between skin friction drag...Ch. 11 - What is the effect of surface roughness on the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 15CPCh. 11 - What is flow separation? What causes it? What is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 17CPCh. 11 - Consider laminar flow over a flat plate. How does...Ch. 11 - In general, how does the drag coefficient vary...Ch. 11 - Fairings are attached to the front and back of a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 21PCh. 11 - The resultant of the pressure and wall shear...Ch. 11 - Prob. 23PCh. 11 - Prob. 24PCh. 11 - To reduce the drag coefficient and thus to improve...Ch. 11 - A circular sign has a diameter of 50 cm and is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 28PCh. 11 - Prob. 29PCh. 11 - At highway speeds, about half of the power...Ch. 11 - A submarine can be treated as an ellipsoid with a...Ch. 11 - A 70-kg bicyclist is riding her 1 5-kg bicycle...Ch. 11 - A wind turbine with two or four hollow...Ch. 11 - During steady motion of a vehicle on a level road,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 37EPCh. 11 - A 0.80-m-diameter, 1 .2-rn-high garbage can is...Ch. 11 - An 8-mm-diameter plastic sphere whose density is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 40PCh. 11 - The drag coefficient of a vehicle increases when...Ch. 11 - To reduce the drag coefficient and thus to improve...Ch. 11 - During major windstorms, high vehicles such as RVs...Ch. 11 - What does the friction coefficient represent in...Ch. 11 - What fluid property is responsible for the...Ch. 11 - How is the average friction coefficient determined...Ch. 11 - Prob. 47EPCh. 11 - The local atmospheric pressure in Denver, Colorado...Ch. 11 - Prob. 50PCh. 11 - Prob. 51EPCh. 11 - Air at 25C and 1 atm is flowing over a long flat...Ch. 11 - Prob. 54PCh. 11 - During a winter day, wind at 70 km/h, 5C , and I...Ch. 11 - Prob. 56PCh. 11 - The forming section of a plastics plant puts out a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 58CPCh. 11 - Why is flow separation in flow over cylinders...Ch. 11 - Prob. 60CPCh. 11 - A 5-mm-diameter electrical transmission line is...Ch. 11 - A 1ong 5-cm-diameter steam pipe passes through...Ch. 11 - Consider 0.8-cm-diameter hail that is falling...Ch. 11 - Prob. 64EPCh. 11 - Prob. 65PCh. 11 - Prob. 66PCh. 11 - Prob. 67EPCh. 11 - One of the popular demonstrations in science...Ch. 11 - Prob. 69PCh. 11 - What is stall? What causes an airfoil to stall?...Ch. 11 - Prob. 71CPCh. 11 - Air is flowing past a symmetrical airfoil at zero...Ch. 11 - Both the lift and the drag of an airfoil increase...Ch. 11 - Prob. 74CPCh. 11 - Prob. 75CPCh. 11 - Air is flowing past a symmetrical airfoil at an...Ch. 11 - Prob. 77CPCh. 11 - Prob. 78CPCh. 11 - Prob. 79CPCh. 11 - Prob. 80CPCh. 11 - How do flaps affect the lift and the drag of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 82EPCh. 11 - Consider an aircraft that takes off at 260 km/h...Ch. 11 - Prob. 84PCh. 11 - Prob. 85PCh. 11 - A tennis ball with a mass of 57 and a diameter of...Ch. 11 - A small aircraft has a wing area of 40 m2, a lift...Ch. 11 - Prob. 89PCh. 11 - Consider a light plane that has a total weight of...Ch. 11 - A small airplane has a total mass of 1800 kg and a...Ch. 11 - An airplane has a mass of 48.000 k. a wins area of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 93EPCh. 11 - Prob. 94PCh. 11 - Prob. 95EPCh. 11 - A 2-zn-high, 4-zn-wide rectangular advertisement...Ch. 11 - 11-97 A plastic boat whose bottom surface can be...Ch. 11 - Prob. 99PCh. 11 - Prob. 100EPCh. 11 - A commercial airplane has a total mass of 150.000...Ch. 11 - Prob. 102PCh. 11 - Prob. 103PCh. 11 - Prob. 104PCh. 11 - Prob. 105PCh. 11 - Prob. 107PCh. 11 - Prob. 108PCh. 11 - Prob. 109PCh. 11 - Prob. 110PCh. 11 - Prob. 111PCh. 11 - Prob. 113PCh. 11 - Prob. 115PCh. 11 - Prob. 116PCh. 11 - Prob. 117PCh. 11 - Prob. 118PCh. 11 - Prob. 119PCh. 11 - The region of flow trailing the body where the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 121PCh. 11 - Prob. 122PCh. 11 - Prob. 123PCh. 11 - Prob. 124PCh. 11 - Prob. 125PCh. 11 - Prob. 126PCh. 11 - An airplane has a total mass of 3.000kg and a wing...Ch. 11 - Prob. 128PCh. 11 - Write a report on the history of the reduction of...Ch. 11 - Write a report oil the flips used at the leading...Ch. 11 - Discuss how to calculate drag force a unsteady...Ch. 11 - Large commercial airplanes cruise at high...Ch. 11 - Many drivers turn off their air conditioners and...Ch. 11 - Consider the boundary layer growing on a flat...
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- The sum of the components of the pressure and wall shear forces in the direction normal to the flow is called (a) Drag (b) Friction (c) Lift (d ) Bluff (e) Bluntarrow_forwardAft of the transition point between laminar and turbulent flow A. the boundary layer gets thinner and the speed increases B. the boundary layer thickens and the speed decreases C. the mean speed increases and the surface friction increases D. the mean speed increases and the surface friction decreasesarrow_forwardhelp asap,arrow_forward
- Which parameter does not affect an earlier occurrence of the transition of Laminar flow to turbulent flow in the boundary layer of the flat plate?arrow_forwardThe answer is handwritten and step by steparrow_forwardAir ( density :1,2 kg /m3 viscosity : 1.5x10-5 m2 /s ) flows over a flat plate of length 2,5 m and width 1 m at a test speed of 1,5 m/s. Determine the approximate magnitude of frictional force, F . (Flat plate is totally submerged in air and both surfaces of it are of same surface quality )ANSWER: F = 0,017955 Narrow_forward
- Water flows at 20°C with a velocity of 1.1 m/s over a flat plate whose length is 15 cm. The boundary layer thickness at the end of the plate is (the density and viscosity of water are 998 kg/m3 and 1.002 × 103 kg/m⋅s, respectively). (a) 1.14 mm (b) 1.35 mm (c) 1.56 mm (d ) 1.82 mm (e) 2.09 mmarrow_forwardQ2) In flow over a surface, velocity and temperature profiles are of the forms u(y) = Ay + By² + Cy3 and T(y) = D+ Ey + Fy? - Gy3 where the coefficients A through G are constants. Obtain expressions for the friction coefficient C, and the convection coefficient h in terms of uo, To, and appropriate profile coefficients and fluid properties. Q3) Water at a temperature of T = 25°C flows over one of the surfaces of a steel wall (AISI 1010) whose temperature is Ts1 = 40°C. The wall is 0.35 m thick, and its other surface temperature is Ts,2 = 100°C. For steady state conditions what is the convection coefficient associated with the water flow? What is the temperature gradient in the wall and in the water that is in contact with the wall? Sketch the temperature distribution in the wall and in the adjoining water.arrow_forwardConsider a laminar flow over a flat plate of length L = 1m. The boundary layer thickness at the end of the plate is dw for water, and 6, for air for the same free stream velocity. If the kinematic viscositics of water and air arc 1x106 m/s and 1.6x10-5 m/s. respectively, the numerical value of the ratio, warrow_forward
- When does the flow on the plane plate switch to turbulent flow regime? a. It is always fully developed. b. When Re = greater than 500000. c. It will never be turbulent. D. When Re = 2300 E. When the nusselt number is 1arrow_forwardThe thickness of the laminar boundary layer over a flat plate at two different sections Pand Q are 0.8 cm and 2.4 cm respectively. If the section Q is 3.6 m downstream of P, the distance of section P from the leading edge of the plate isarrow_forwardConsider the radial flow problem shown in top view where the shaded area represents a damage zone with reduced permeability. Also assume that the system consists of 3 horizontal flow units of equal thickness. The original undamaged permeabilities are 55 md in the top layer, 17.5 md in the middle layer and 28 md in the bottom layer, the reservoir radius is 660 ft, and the damage zone radius is 2.5 ft and well bore radius is 0.3 ft in all three layers. The damaged zones’ permeabilities are all 10.5 md in all three layers. Assume that in each layer and in each section of this system flow is steady state radial in the horizontal plane. Is this system radial series or radial parallel layers ? In order to calculate average permeability of the total system do you average parallel layers first or series layers first? Calculate the average permeability of the total system? Plot the pressure profile from wellbore to the reservoir external boundary for the uppermost layer.arrow_forward
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