Chapter 11, Problem 11C.12E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecular formula for the line structure of cyclobutane and the type of hydrocarbon has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Molecular formula:

A molecular formula consists of chemical symbols for the constituent elements followed by the numeric subscripts describing the number of atoms of each element present in the molecule.

Class of hydrocarbons:

Alkanes:  Saturated hydrocarbons are called as alkanes.  Each atom in an alkane shows the presence of four single bonds in a tetrahedral arrangement with ${\text{sp}}^{\text{3}}$ hybridization.  The name of alkane ends with “-ane”.

Alkenes:  The simplest unsaturated hydrocarbon with a double bond is called as alkene.  The name of alkane ends with “-ene”.

Alkynes:  Alkynes are hydrocarbons with one carbon-carbon triple bond.  The name of the alkyne ends with “-yne”.

Aromatic compounds:

Aromatic compounds are called as arenes and the parent compound is benzene.  When the benzene ring is named as a substituent, it called as phenyl.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecular formula for the line structure of naphthalene and the type of hydrocarbon has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecular formula for the line structure of penta-1,3-diene and the type of hydrocarbon has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecular formula for the line structure of cyclohexane and the type of hydrocarbon has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).