Chapter 11, Problem 11D.3AST

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{CH}\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{OH}\right){\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}$ has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols:

Organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl group that is covalently bonded to a carbon atom.

Rules for naming alcohol:

• The parent hydrocarbon has to be identified and the suffix “-e” is replaced by “-ol”.
• The location of the hydroxyl group is denoted by numbering the carbon atoms of the backbone, starting at the end of the chain, which results in the lowest number for the $\text{-OH}$ group location.
• If $\text{-OH}$ is present as substituent, it is named as hydroxy.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{CH}\left(\text{CHO}\right){\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}$ has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Aldehydes:

Organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group that is covalently bonded to a carbon atom.

IUPAC nomenclature for naming aldehydes:

• The parent compound; that is the longest continuous carbon chain containing the carbonyl group has to be determined.
• Replace the final –e of the parent alkane with –al.
• The chain beginning with the carbonyl carbon is named as carbon $\text{-1}\text{.}$
• All the substituents are named and numbered.
• No number is used for the position of carbonyl group because it is always at the end of the parent chain.  Therefore it must be carbon $\text{-1}\text{.}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of ${\left({\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}\right)}_{\text{3}}\text{N}$ has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Amines:

An amine is a compound with a formula derived from ammonia $\left({\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\right),$ in which various number of hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic group that may be either aliphatic or aromatic.

Rules for naming amines:

Amines are named systematically by specifying the groups attached to the nitrogen atom in alphabetical order, followed by the suffix “-amine”.