![CHEMISTRY-TEXT](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780134856230/9780134856230_largeCoverImage.gif)
(a)
Interpretation:
Whether the following molecule has a liquid crystalline phase or not should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Liquid crystals are defined as a phase in which substance exhibits properties of both liquids and solids. Liquid crystal flow like a liquid but their arrangement of the molecule as well as intermolecular forces is like solid.
Liquid crystal molecules are made up of six-membered rings with on terminal polar group, a linkage group and a side chain of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in liquid crystal molecules has trigonal planar geometry.
The molecules are rigid. The rigidity is increased due to the presence of double-bonded linkage groups such as
The terminal polar groups exhibit strong intermolecular forces such as strong dipole-dipole interaction or dipole−induced dipole interaction and hydrogen bond.
Types of liquid crystal are as follows:
- Nematic Liquid crystal.
- Smectic Liquid crystal.
1. Nematic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the nematic phase are in the same direction and can move around freely very much like that of liquid. In this, the axis is parallel but the ends are not aligned.
2. Smectic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the smectic phase are perpendicular to the plane and are aligned in layers. In these, the long axis is parallel and also their ends are aligned.
(b)
Interpretation:
Whether the following molecule has a liquid crystalline phase or not should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Liquid crystals are defined as a phase in which substance exhibits properties of both liquids and solids. Liquid crystal flow like a liquid but their arrangement of the molecule as well as intermolecular forces is like solid.
Liquid crystal molecules are made up of six-membered rings with on terminal polar group, a linkage group and a side chain of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in liquid crystal molecules has trigonal planar geometry.
The molecules are rigid. The rigidity is increased due to the presence of double-bonded linkage groups such as
The terminal polar groups exhibit strong intermolecular forces such as strong dipole-dipole interaction or dipole−induced dipole interaction and hydrogen bond.
Types of liquid crystal are as follows:
- Nematic Liquid crystal.
- Smectic Liquid crystal.
1. Nematic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the nematic phase are in the same direction and can move around freely very much like that of liquid. In this, the axis is parallel but the ends are not aligned.
2. Smectic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the smectic phase are perpendicular to the plane and are aligned in layers. In these, the long axis is parallel and also their ends are aligned.
(c)
Interpretation:
Whether the following molecule has a liquid crystalline phase or not should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Liquid crystals are defined as a phase in which substance exhibits properties of both liquids and solids. Liquid crystal flow like a liquid but their arrangement of the molecule as well as intermolecular forces is like solid.
Liquid crystal molecules are made up of six-membered rings with on terminal polar group, a linkage group and a side chain of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in liquid crystal molecules has trigonal planar geometry.
The molecules are rigid. The rigidity is increased due to the presence of double-bonded linkage groups such as
The terminal polar groups exhibit strong intermolecular forces such as strong dipole-dipole interaction or dipole−induced dipole interaction and hydrogen bond.
Types of liquid crystal are as follows:
- Nematic Liquid crystal.
- Smectic Liquid crystal.
1. Nematic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the nematic phase are in the same direction and can move around freely very much like that of liquid. In this, the axis is parallel but the ends are not aligned.
2. Smectic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the smectic phase are perpendicular to the plane and are aligned in layers. In these, the long axis is parallel and also their ends are aligned.
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution![Blurred answer](/static/blurred-answer.jpg)
Chapter 11 Solutions
CHEMISTRY-TEXT
- 3. Consider the compounds below and determine if they are aromatic, antiaromatic, or non-aromatic. In case of aromatic or anti-aromatic, please indicate number of I electrons in the respective systems. (Hint: 1. Not all lone pair electrons were explicitly drawn and you should be able to tell that the bonding electrons and lone pair electrons should reside in which hybridized atomic orbital 2. You should consider ring strain- flexibility and steric repulsion that facilitates adoption of aromaticity or avoidance of anti- aromaticity) H H N N: NH2 N Aromaticity (Circle) Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic aromatic TT electrons Me H Me Aromaticity (Circle) Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic aromatic πT electrons H HH…arrow_forwardA chemistry graduate student is studying the rate of this reaction: 2 HI (g) →H2(g) +12(g) She fills a reaction vessel with HI and measures its concentration as the reaction proceeds: time (minutes) [IH] 0 0.800M 1.0 0.301 M 2.0 0.185 M 3.0 0.134M 4.0 0.105 M Use this data to answer the following questions. Write the rate law for this reaction. rate = 0 Calculate the value of the rate constant k. k = Round your answer to 2 significant digits. Also be sure your answer has the correct unit symbol.arrow_forwardNonearrow_forward
- in which spectral range of EMR, atomic and ionic lines of metal liesarrow_forwardQ2: Label the following molecules as chiral or achiral, and label each stereocenter as R or S. CI CH3 CH3 NH2 C CH3 CH3 Br CH3 X &p Bra 'CH 3 "CH3 X Br CH3 Me - N OMe O DuckDuckarrow_forward1. For the four structures provided, Please answer the following questions in the table below. a. Please draw π molecular orbital diagram (use the polygon-and-circle method if appropriate) and fill electrons in each molecular orbital b. Please indicate the number of π electrons c. Please indicate if each molecule provided is anti-aromatic, aromatic, or non- aromatic TT MO diagram Number of π e- Aromaticity Evaluation (X choose one) Non-aromatic Aromatic Anti-aromatic || ||| + IVarrow_forward
- 1.3 grams of pottasium iodide is placed in 100 mL of o.11 mol/L lead nitrate solution. At room temperature, lead iodide has a Ksp of 4.4x10^-9. How many moles of precipitate will form?arrow_forwardQ3: Circle the molecules that are optically active: ДДДДarrow_forward6. How many peaks would be observed for each of the circled protons in the compounds below? 8 pts CH3 CH3 ΤΙ A. H3C-C-C-CH3 I (₁₁ +1)= 7 H CI B. H3C-C-CI H (3+1)=4 H LIH)=2 C. (CH3CH2-C-OH H D. CH3arrow_forward
- Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage LearningWorld of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage LearningWorld of ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780618562763Author:Steven S. ZumdahlPublisher:Houghton Mifflin College Div
- Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...ChemistryISBN:9781305079250Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed PetersPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub CoIntroductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305960060/9781305960060_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781133109655/9781133109655_smallCoverImage.jpg)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780618562763/9780618562763_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305079250/9781305079250_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781337399425/9781337399425_smallCoverImage.gif)