(a) Interpretation: Whether the following molecule has a liquid crystalline phase or not should be determined. Concept introduction: Liquid crystals are defined as a phase in which substance exhibits properties of both liquids and solids. Liquid crystal flow like a liquid but their arrangement of the molecule as well as intermolecular forces is like solid. Liquid crystal molecules are made up of six-membered rings with on terminal polar group, a linkage group and a side chain of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in liquid crystal molecules has trigonal planar geometry. The molecules are rigid. The rigidity is increased due to the presence of double-bonded linkage groups such as C = N . The terminal polar groups exhibit strong intermolecular forces such as strong dipole-dipole interaction or dipole−induced dipole interaction and hydrogen bond. Types of liquid crystal are as follows: Nematic Liquid crystal. Smectic Liquid crystal. 1. Nematic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the nematic phase are in the same direction and can move around freely very much like that of liquid. In this, the axis is parallel but the ends are not aligned. 2. Smectic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the smectic phase are perpendicular to the plane and are aligned in layers. In these, the long axis is parallel and also their ends are aligned.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.68SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule has a liquid crystalline phase or not should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Liquid crystals are defined as a phase in which substance exhibits properties of both liquids and solids. Liquid crystal flow like a liquid but their arrangement of the molecule as well as intermolecular forces is like solid.

Liquid crystal molecules are made up of six-membered rings with on terminal polar group, a linkage group and a side chain of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in liquid crystal molecules has trigonal planar geometry.

The molecules are rigid. The rigidity is increased due to the presence of double-bonded linkage groups such as C=N.

The terminal polar groups exhibit strong intermolecular forces such as strong dipole-dipole interaction or dipole−induced dipole interaction and hydrogen bond.

Types of liquid crystal are as follows:

Nematic Liquid crystal.

Smectic Liquid crystal.

1. Nematic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the nematic phase are in the same direction and can move around freely very much like that of liquid. In this, the axis is parallel but the ends are not aligned.

2. Smectic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the smectic phase are perpendicular to the plane and are aligned in layers. In these, the long axis is parallel and also their ends are aligned.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule has a liquid crystalline phase or not should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Liquid crystals are defined as a phase in which substance exhibits properties of both liquids and solids. Liquid crystal flow like a liquid but their arrangement of the molecule as well as intermolecular forces is like solid.

Liquid crystal molecules are made up of six-membered rings with on terminal polar group, a linkage group and a side chain of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in liquid crystal molecules has trigonal planar geometry.

The molecules are rigid. The rigidity is increased due to the presence of double-bonded linkage groups such as C=N.

The terminal polar groups exhibit strong intermolecular forces such as strong dipole-dipole interaction or dipole−induced dipole interaction and hydrogen bond.

Types of liquid crystal are as follows:

Nematic Liquid crystal.

Smectic Liquid crystal.

1. Nematic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the nematic phase are in the same direction and can move around freely very much like that of liquid. In this, the axis is parallel but the ends are not aligned.

2. Smectic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the smectic phase are perpendicular to the plane and are aligned in layers. In these, the long axis is parallel and also their ends are aligned.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule has a liquid crystalline phase or not should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Liquid crystals are defined as a phase in which substance exhibits properties of both liquids and solids. Liquid crystal flow like a liquid but their arrangement of the molecule as well as intermolecular forces is like solid.

Liquid crystal molecules are made up of six-membered rings with on terminal polar group, a linkage group and a side chain of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in liquid crystal molecules has trigonal planar geometry.

The molecules are rigid. The rigidity is increased due to the presence of double-bonded linkage groups such as C=N.

The terminal polar groups exhibit strong intermolecular forces such as strong dipole-dipole interaction or dipole−induced dipole interaction and hydrogen bond.

Types of liquid crystal are as follows:

Nematic Liquid crystal.

Smectic Liquid crystal.

1. Nematic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the nematic phase are in the same direction and can move around freely very much like that of liquid. In this, the axis is parallel but the ends are not aligned.

2. Smectic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the smectic phase are perpendicular to the plane and are aligned in layers. In these, the long axis is parallel and also their ends are aligned.

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What spectral features allow you to differentiate the product from the starting material? Use four separate paragraphs for each set of comparisons. You should have one paragraph each devoted to MS, HNMR, CNMR and IR. 2) For MS, the differing masses of molecular ions are a popular starting point. Including a unique fragmentation is important, too. 3) For HNMR, CNMR and IR state the peaks that are different and what makes them different (usually the presence or absence of certain groups). See if you can find two differences (in each set of IR, HNMR and CNMR spectra) due to the presence or absence of a functional group. Include peak locations. Alternatively, you can state a shift of a peak due to a change near a given functional group. Including peak locations for shifted peaks, as well as what these peaks are due to. Ideally, your focus should be on not just identifying the differences but explaining them in terms of functional group changes.

Question 6 What is the major product of the following Diels-Alder reaction? ? Aldy by day of A. H о B. C. D. E. OB OD Oc OE OA

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.68SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule has a liquid crystalline phase or not should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Liquid crystals are defined as a phase in which substance exhibits properties of both liquids and solids. Liquid crystal flow like a liquid but their arrangement of the molecule as well as intermolecular forces is like solid.

Liquid crystal molecules are made up of six-membered rings with on terminal polar group, a linkage group and a side chain of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in liquid crystal molecules has trigonal planar geometry.

The molecules are rigid. The rigidity is increased due to the presence of double-bonded linkage groups such as C=N.

The terminal polar groups exhibit strong intermolecular forces such as strong dipole-dipole interaction or dipole−induced dipole interaction and hydrogen bond.

Types of liquid crystal are as follows:

Nematic Liquid crystal.

Smectic Liquid crystal.

1. Nematic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the nematic phase are in the same direction and can move around freely very much like that of liquid. In this, the axis is parallel but the ends are not aligned.

2. Smectic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the smectic phase are perpendicular to the plane and are aligned in layers. In these, the long axis is parallel and also their ends are aligned.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule has a liquid crystalline phase or not should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Liquid crystals are defined as a phase in which substance exhibits properties of both liquids and solids. Liquid crystal flow like a liquid but their arrangement of the molecule as well as intermolecular forces is like solid.

Liquid crystal molecules are made up of six-membered rings with on terminal polar group, a linkage group and a side chain of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in liquid crystal molecules has trigonal planar geometry.

The molecules are rigid. The rigidity is increased due to the presence of double-bonded linkage groups such as C=N.

The terminal polar groups exhibit strong intermolecular forces such as strong dipole-dipole interaction or dipole−induced dipole interaction and hydrogen bond.

Types of liquid crystal are as follows:

Nematic Liquid crystal.

Smectic Liquid crystal.

1. Nematic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the nematic phase are in the same direction and can move around freely very much like that of liquid. In this, the axis is parallel but the ends are not aligned.

2. Smectic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the smectic phase are perpendicular to the plane and are aligned in layers. In these, the long axis is parallel and also their ends are aligned.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule has a liquid crystalline phase or not should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Liquid crystals are defined as a phase in which substance exhibits properties of both liquids and solids. Liquid crystal flow like a liquid but their arrangement of the molecule as well as intermolecular forces is like solid.

Liquid crystal molecules are made up of six-membered rings with on terminal polar group, a linkage group and a side chain of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in liquid crystal molecules has trigonal planar geometry.

The molecules are rigid. The rigidity is increased due to the presence of double-bonded linkage groups such as C=N.

The terminal polar groups exhibit strong intermolecular forces such as strong dipole-dipole interaction or dipole−induced dipole interaction and hydrogen bond.

Types of liquid crystal are as follows:

Nematic Liquid crystal.

Smectic Liquid crystal.

1. Nematic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the nematic phase are in the same direction and can move around freely very much like that of liquid. In this, the axis is parallel but the ends are not aligned.

2. Smectic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the smectic phase are perpendicular to the plane and are aligned in layers. In these, the long axis is parallel and also their ends are aligned.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.68SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule has a liquid crystalline phase or not should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Liquid crystals are defined as a phase in which substance exhibits properties of both liquids and solids. Liquid crystal flow like a liquid but their arrangement of the molecule as well as intermolecular forces is like solid.

Liquid crystal molecules are made up of six-membered rings with on terminal polar group, a linkage group and a side chain of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in liquid crystal molecules has trigonal planar geometry.

The molecules are rigid. The rigidity is increased due to the presence of double-bonded linkage groups such as C=N.

The terminal polar groups exhibit strong intermolecular forces such as strong dipole-dipole interaction or dipole−induced dipole interaction and hydrogen bond.

Types of liquid crystal are as follows:

Nematic Liquid crystal.

Smectic Liquid crystal.

1. Nematic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the nematic phase are in the same direction and can move around freely very much like that of liquid. In this, the axis is parallel but the ends are not aligned.

2. Smectic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the smectic phase are perpendicular to the plane and are aligned in layers. In these, the long axis is parallel and also their ends are aligned.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule has a liquid crystalline phase or not should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Liquid crystals are defined as a phase in which substance exhibits properties of both liquids and solids. Liquid crystal flow like a liquid but their arrangement of the molecule as well as intermolecular forces is like solid.

Liquid crystal molecules are made up of six-membered rings with on terminal polar group, a linkage group and a side chain of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in liquid crystal molecules has trigonal planar geometry.

The molecules are rigid. The rigidity is increased due to the presence of double-bonded linkage groups such as C=N.

The terminal polar groups exhibit strong intermolecular forces such as strong dipole-dipole interaction or dipole−induced dipole interaction and hydrogen bond.

Types of liquid crystal are as follows:

Nematic Liquid crystal.

Smectic Liquid crystal.

1. Nematic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the nematic phase are in the same direction and can move around freely very much like that of liquid. In this, the axis is parallel but the ends are not aligned.

2. Smectic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the smectic phase are perpendicular to the plane and are aligned in layers. In these, the long axis is parallel and also their ends are aligned.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule has a liquid crystalline phase or not should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Liquid crystals are defined as a phase in which substance exhibits properties of both liquids and solids. Liquid crystal flow like a liquid but their arrangement of the molecule as well as intermolecular forces is like solid.

Liquid crystal molecules are made up of six-membered rings with on terminal polar group, a linkage group and a side chain of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in liquid crystal molecules has trigonal planar geometry.

The molecules are rigid. The rigidity is increased due to the presence of double-bonded linkage groups such as C=N.

The terminal polar groups exhibit strong intermolecular forces such as strong dipole-dipole interaction or dipole−induced dipole interaction and hydrogen bond.

Types of liquid crystal are as follows:

Nematic Liquid crystal.

Smectic Liquid crystal.

1. Nematic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the nematic phase are in the same direction and can move around freely very much like that of liquid. In this, the axis is parallel but the ends are not aligned.

2. Smectic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the smectic phase are perpendicular to the plane and are aligned in layers. In these, the long axis is parallel and also their ends are aligned.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.68SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule has a liquid crystalline phase or not should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Liquid crystals are defined as a phase in which substance exhibits properties of both liquids and solids. Liquid crystal flow like a liquid but their arrangement of the molecule as well as intermolecular forces is like solid.

Liquid crystal molecules are made up of six-membered rings with on terminal polar group, a linkage group and a side chain of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in liquid crystal molecules has trigonal planar geometry.

The molecules are rigid. The rigidity is increased due to the presence of double-bonded linkage groups such as C=N.

The terminal polar groups exhibit strong intermolecular forces such as strong dipole-dipole interaction or dipole−induced dipole interaction and hydrogen bond.

Types of liquid crystal are as follows:

Nematic Liquid crystal.

Smectic Liquid crystal.

1. Nematic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the nematic phase are in the same direction and can move around freely very much like that of liquid. In this, the axis is parallel but the ends are not aligned.

2. Smectic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the smectic phase are perpendicular to the plane and are aligned in layers. In these, the long axis is parallel and also their ends are aligned.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule has a liquid crystalline phase or not should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Liquid crystals are defined as a phase in which substance exhibits properties of both liquids and solids. Liquid crystal flow like a liquid but their arrangement of the molecule as well as intermolecular forces is like solid.

Liquid crystal molecules are made up of six-membered rings with on terminal polar group, a linkage group and a side chain of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in liquid crystal molecules has trigonal planar geometry.

The molecules are rigid. The rigidity is increased due to the presence of double-bonded linkage groups such as C=N.

The terminal polar groups exhibit strong intermolecular forces such as strong dipole-dipole interaction or dipole−induced dipole interaction and hydrogen bond.

Types of liquid crystal are as follows:

Nematic Liquid crystal.

Smectic Liquid crystal.

1. Nematic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the nematic phase are in the same direction and can move around freely very much like that of liquid. In this, the axis is parallel but the ends are not aligned.

2. Smectic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the smectic phase are perpendicular to the plane and are aligned in layers. In these, the long axis is parallel and also their ends are aligned.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule has a liquid crystalline phase or not should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Liquid crystals are defined as a phase in which substance exhibits properties of both liquids and solids. Liquid crystal flow like a liquid but their arrangement of the molecule as well as intermolecular forces is like solid.

Liquid crystal molecules are made up of six-membered rings with on terminal polar group, a linkage group and a side chain of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in liquid crystal molecules has trigonal planar geometry.

The molecules are rigid. The rigidity is increased due to the presence of double-bonded linkage groups such as C=N.

The terminal polar groups exhibit strong intermolecular forces such as strong dipole-dipole interaction or dipole−induced dipole interaction and hydrogen bond.

Types of liquid crystal are as follows:

Nematic Liquid crystal.

Smectic Liquid crystal.

1. Nematic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the nematic phase are in the same direction and can move around freely very much like that of liquid. In this, the axis is parallel but the ends are not aligned.

2. Smectic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the smectic phase are perpendicular to the plane and are aligned in layers. In these, the long axis is parallel and also their ends are aligned.

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Answer 5

Chapter 11, Problem 11.68SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule has a liquid crystalline phase or not should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Liquid crystals are defined as a phase in which substance exhibits properties of both liquids and solids. Liquid crystal flow like a liquid but their arrangement of the molecule as well as intermolecular forces is like solid.

Liquid crystal molecules are made up of six-membered rings with on terminal polar group, a linkage group and a side chain of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in liquid crystal molecules has trigonal planar geometry.

The molecules are rigid. The rigidity is increased due to the presence of double-bonded linkage groups such as C=N.

The terminal polar groups exhibit strong intermolecular forces such as strong dipole-dipole interaction or dipole−induced dipole interaction and hydrogen bond.

Types of liquid crystal are as follows:

Nematic Liquid crystal.

Smectic Liquid crystal.

1. Nematic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the nematic phase are in the same direction and can move around freely very much like that of liquid. In this, the axis is parallel but the ends are not aligned.

2. Smectic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the smectic phase are perpendicular to the plane and are aligned in layers. In these, the long axis is parallel and also their ends are aligned.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule has a liquid crystalline phase or not should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Liquid crystals are defined as a phase in which substance exhibits properties of both liquids and solids. Liquid crystal flow like a liquid but their arrangement of the molecule as well as intermolecular forces is like solid.

Liquid crystal molecules are made up of six-membered rings with on terminal polar group, a linkage group and a side chain of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in liquid crystal molecules has trigonal planar geometry.

The molecules are rigid. The rigidity is increased due to the presence of double-bonded linkage groups such as C=N.

The terminal polar groups exhibit strong intermolecular forces such as strong dipole-dipole interaction or dipole−induced dipole interaction and hydrogen bond.

Types of liquid crystal are as follows:

Nematic Liquid crystal.

Smectic Liquid crystal.

1. Nematic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the nematic phase are in the same direction and can move around freely very much like that of liquid. In this, the axis is parallel but the ends are not aligned.

2. Smectic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the smectic phase are perpendicular to the plane and are aligned in layers. In these, the long axis is parallel and also their ends are aligned.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule has a liquid crystalline phase or not should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Liquid crystals are defined as a phase in which substance exhibits properties of both liquids and solids. Liquid crystal flow like a liquid but their arrangement of the molecule as well as intermolecular forces is like solid.

Liquid crystal molecules are made up of six-membered rings with on terminal polar group, a linkage group and a side chain of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in liquid crystal molecules has trigonal planar geometry.

The molecules are rigid. The rigidity is increased due to the presence of double-bonded linkage groups such as C=N.

The terminal polar groups exhibit strong intermolecular forces such as strong dipole-dipole interaction or dipole−induced dipole interaction and hydrogen bond.

Types of liquid crystal are as follows:

Nematic Liquid crystal.

Smectic Liquid crystal.

1. Nematic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the nematic phase are in the same direction and can move around freely very much like that of liquid. In this, the axis is parallel but the ends are not aligned.

2. Smectic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the smectic phase are perpendicular to the plane and are aligned in layers. In these, the long axis is parallel and also their ends are aligned.

Answer 6

Chapter 11, Problem 11.68SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule has a liquid crystalline phase or not should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Liquid crystals are defined as a phase in which substance exhibits properties of both liquids and solids. Liquid crystal flow like a liquid but their arrangement of the molecule as well as intermolecular forces is like solid.

Liquid crystal molecules are made up of six-membered rings with on terminal polar group, a linkage group and a side chain of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in liquid crystal molecules has trigonal planar geometry.

The molecules are rigid. The rigidity is increased due to the presence of double-bonded linkage groups such as C=N.

The terminal polar groups exhibit strong intermolecular forces such as strong dipole-dipole interaction or dipole−induced dipole interaction and hydrogen bond.

Types of liquid crystal are as follows:

Nematic Liquid crystal.

Smectic Liquid crystal.

1. Nematic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the nematic phase are in the same direction and can move around freely very much like that of liquid. In this, the axis is parallel but the ends are not aligned.

2. Smectic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the smectic phase are perpendicular to the plane and are aligned in layers. In these, the long axis is parallel and also their ends are aligned.

Answer 7

Chapter 11, Problem 11.68SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule has a liquid crystalline phase or not should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Liquid crystals are defined as a phase in which substance exhibits properties of both liquids and solids. Liquid crystal flow like a liquid but their arrangement of the molecule as well as intermolecular forces is like solid.

Liquid crystal molecules are made up of six-membered rings with on terminal polar group, a linkage group and a side chain of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in liquid crystal molecules has trigonal planar geometry.

The molecules are rigid. The rigidity is increased due to the presence of double-bonded linkage groups such as C=N.

The terminal polar groups exhibit strong intermolecular forces such as strong dipole-dipole interaction or dipole−induced dipole interaction and hydrogen bond.

Types of liquid crystal are as follows:

Nematic Liquid crystal.

Smectic Liquid crystal.

1. Nematic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the nematic phase are in the same direction and can move around freely very much like that of liquid. In this, the axis is parallel but the ends are not aligned.

2. Smectic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the smectic phase are perpendicular to the plane and are aligned in layers. In these, the long axis is parallel and also their ends are aligned.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule has a liquid crystalline phase or not should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Liquid crystals are defined as a phase in which substance exhibits properties of both liquids and solids. Liquid crystal flow like a liquid but their arrangement of the molecule as well as intermolecular forces is like solid.

Liquid crystal molecules are made up of six-membered rings with on terminal polar group, a linkage group and a side chain of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in liquid crystal molecules has trigonal planar geometry.

The molecules are rigid. The rigidity is increased due to the presence of double-bonded linkage groups such as C=N.

The terminal polar groups exhibit strong intermolecular forces such as strong dipole-dipole interaction or dipole−induced dipole interaction and hydrogen bond.

Types of liquid crystal are as follows:

Nematic Liquid crystal.

Smectic Liquid crystal.

1. Nematic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the nematic phase are in the same direction and can move around freely very much like that of liquid. In this, the axis is parallel but the ends are not aligned.

2. Smectic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the smectic phase are perpendicular to the plane and are aligned in layers. In these, the long axis is parallel and also their ends are aligned.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule has a liquid crystalline phase or not should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Liquid crystals are defined as a phase in which substance exhibits properties of both liquids and solids. Liquid crystal flow like a liquid but their arrangement of the molecule as well as intermolecular forces is like solid.

Liquid crystal molecules are made up of six-membered rings with on terminal polar group, a linkage group and a side chain of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in liquid crystal molecules has trigonal planar geometry.

The molecules are rigid. The rigidity is increased due to the presence of double-bonded linkage groups such as C=N.

The terminal polar groups exhibit strong intermolecular forces such as strong dipole-dipole interaction or dipole−induced dipole interaction and hydrogen bond.

Types of liquid crystal are as follows:

Nematic Liquid crystal.

Smectic Liquid crystal.

1. Nematic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the nematic phase are in the same direction and can move around freely very much like that of liquid. In this, the axis is parallel but the ends are not aligned.

2. Smectic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the smectic phase are perpendicular to the plane and are aligned in layers. In these, the long axis is parallel and also their ends are aligned.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule has a liquid crystalline phase or not should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Liquid crystals are defined as a phase in which substance exhibits properties of both liquids and solids. Liquid crystal flow like a liquid but their arrangement of the molecule as well as intermolecular forces is like solid.

Liquid crystal molecules are made up of six-membered rings with on terminal polar group, a linkage group and a side chain of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in liquid crystal molecules has trigonal planar geometry.

The molecules are rigid. The rigidity is increased due to the presence of double-bonded linkage groups such as C=N.

The terminal polar groups exhibit strong intermolecular forces such as strong dipole-dipole interaction or dipole−induced dipole interaction and hydrogen bond.

Types of liquid crystal are as follows:

Nematic Liquid crystal.

Smectic Liquid crystal.

1. Nematic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the nematic phase are in the same direction and can move around freely very much like that of liquid. In this, the axis is parallel but the ends are not aligned.

2. Smectic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the smectic phase are perpendicular to the plane and are aligned in layers. In these, the long axis is parallel and also their ends are aligned.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule has a liquid crystalline phase or not should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Liquid crystals are defined as a phase in which substance exhibits properties of both liquids and solids. Liquid crystal flow like a liquid but their arrangement of the molecule as well as intermolecular forces is like solid.

Liquid crystal molecules are made up of six-membered rings with on terminal polar group, a linkage group and a side chain of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in liquid crystal molecules has trigonal planar geometry.

The molecules are rigid. The rigidity is increased due to the presence of double-bonded linkage groups such as C=N.

The terminal polar groups exhibit strong intermolecular forces such as strong dipole-dipole interaction or dipole−induced dipole interaction and hydrogen bond.

Types of liquid crystal are as follows:

Nematic Liquid crystal.

Smectic Liquid crystal.

1. Nematic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the nematic phase are in the same direction and can move around freely very much like that of liquid. In this, the axis is parallel but the ends are not aligned.

2. Smectic Liquid crystal: The molecules in the smectic phase are perpendicular to the plane and are aligned in layers. In these, the long axis is parallel and also their ends are aligned.

Answer 12

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 13

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.1P Ch. 11 - The normal boiling point of water is 100.0 C, and...Ch. 11 - PRACTICE 11.1 The boiling point of ethanol is 78.4...Ch. 11 - APPLY 11.2 Chloroform CHCl3 has Hvap=29.2kJ/mol...Ch. 11 - How much heat is required to convert15.0 g of...Ch. 11 - APPLY 11.4 What is the sign and magnitude of q...Ch. 11 - Look at the phase diagram of H2O in Figure 11.7,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.8A Ch. 11 - Why was a new solvent needed for extracting...Ch. 11 - A fire extinguisher containing carbon dioxide has...

Solution Summary: The author defines liquid crystals as a phase in which substance exhibits properties of both liquids and solids.

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Chapter 11 Solutions