
Interpretation:
A computer program to calculate the fractions of the phases present, total masses of the phases, and mass of each of the components in different phases is to be written.
Concept Introduction:
On the temperature-composition graph of an alloy, the curve above which the alloy exist in the liquid phase is the liquidus curve. The temperature at this curve is maximum known as liquidus temperature at which the crystals in the alloy can coexist with its melt in the
Solidus curve is the locus of the temperature on the temperature composition graph of an alloy, beyond which the alloy is completely in solid phase. The temperature at this curve is minimum known as solidus temperature at which the crystals in the alloy can coexist with its melt in the thermodynamic equilibrium.
Amount of each phase in wt% is calculated using lever rule. At a particular temperature and ceramic composition, a tie line is drawn on the phase diagram of the ceramic between the solidus and liquidus curve. Then the portion of the lever opposite to the phase whose amount is to be calculated is considered in the formula used as:
Mass of a component
Here,

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Chapter 11 Solutions
Essentials Of Materials Science And Engineering
- 1. Consider the following a unity feedback control system. R(s) + E(s) 500(s+2)(s+5)(s+6) s(s+8)(s+10)(s+12) -Y(s) Find the followings: a) Type of the system b) Static position error constant Kp, Static velocity error constant Ry and Static acceleration error constant Ka c) Find the steady-state error of the system for (i) step input 1(t), (ii) ramp input t 1(t), (iii) parabolic input t² 1(t). 2. Repeat the above problem for the following system. R(s) + E(s) 500(s + 2)(s + 5) (s+8)(s+ 10)(s+12) Y(s) 3. Repeat the above problem for the following system. R(s) + E(s) 500(s+2)(s+4)(s+5)(s+6)(s+7) s²(s+8)(s+10)(s+12) Y(s)arrow_forwardFor the flows in Examples 11.1 and 11.2, calculate the magnitudes of the Δ V2 / 2 terms omitted in B.E., and compare these with the magnitude of the ℱ terms.arrow_forward4. Consider a unity (negative) feedback control system whose open-loop transfer function is given by the following. 2 G(s) = s³ (s + 2) Find the steady-state error of the system for each of the following inputs. = a) u(t) (t²+8t+5) 1(t) b) u(t) = 3t³ 1(t) c) u(t) (t+5t² - 1) 1(t) =arrow_forward
- 1 2. For the following closed-loop system, G(s) = and H(s) = ½ (s+4)(s+6) a. Please draw the root locus by hand and mark the root locus with arrows. Calculate the origin and angle for asymptotes. b. Use Matlab to draw the root locus to verify your sketch. Input R(s) Output C(s) KG(s) H(s)arrow_forward5. Consider following feedback system. R(s) + 100 S+4 +1 Find the steady-state error for (i) step input and (ii) ramp input.arrow_forward6. Find (i) settling time (Ts), (ii) rise time (Tr), (iii) peak time (Tp), and (iv) percent overshoot (% OS) for each of the following systems whose transfer functions are given by: a) H(s) = 5 s²+12s+20 5 b) H(s) = s²+6s+25 c) H(s) = (s+2) (s²+12s+20) (s²+4s+13) Use dominant pole approximation if needed.arrow_forward
- Calculate ℛP.M. in Example 11.2.arrow_forwardFor spherical sand particles with Dp = 0.03 and ρparticles = 150 lbm / ft3 estimate the minimum fluidizing velocity for air and for water. Assume ε = 0.3. In the case of the water we must rederive Eq. 11.42, taking into account the buoyant force on the particles. Below are the provide answers. Please show all work to get to the correct answers.arrow_forward7. Answer the following questions. Take help from ChatGPT to answer these questions (if you need). But write the answers briefly using your own words with no more than two sentences and make sure you check whether ChatGPT is giving you the appropriate answers in the context of class. a) Why do we need transient performance metrics? Name a few of such metrics. b) Define (i) settling time, (ii) rise time, (iii) peak time and (iv) percent overshoot. c) What is damping ratio? How does overshoot change with the change of damping ratio? When do we have zero overshoot? d) What is the criterion for selecting dominant pole in higher order systems? When dominant pole approximation is not valid? How will you calculate the transient performance metrics for the case when dominant pole approximation does not hold?arrow_forward
- Can you help me with this problemarrow_forwardQuestion 22: The superheated steam powers a steam turbine for the production of electrical power. The steam expands in the turbine and at an intermediate expansion pressure (0.1 MPa) a fraction is extracted for a regeneration process in a surface regenerator. The turbine has an efficiency of 90%. It is requested: Define the Power Plant Schematic Analyze the steam power system considering the steam generator system in the attached figure Determine the electrical power generated and the thermal efficiency of the plant Perform an analysis on the power generated and thermal efficiency considering a variation in the steam fractions removed for regeneration ##Data: The steam generator uses biomass from coconut shells to produce 4.5 tons/h of superheated steam; The feedwater returns to the condenser at a temperature of 45°C (point A); Monitoring of the operating conditions in the steam generator indicates that the products of combustion leave the system (point B) at a temperature of 500°C;…arrow_forwardThis is an old practice exam question.arrow_forward
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