(a) Interpretation: Whether the alloy is hypoeutectic or hypereutectic needs to be determined. Concept Introduction: The composition of an alloy that lies to the left of the eutectic point in the alloy phase diagram is termed as a hypo-eutectic alloy. Whereas the composition of an alloy that lies to the right of the eutectic point in the alloy phase diagram is termed as a hyper-eutectic alloy. The hypereutectic alloy has a composition beyond the eutectic point.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.20P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the alloy is hypoeutectic or hypereutectic needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The composition of an alloy that lies to the left of the eutectic point in the alloy phase diagram is termed as a hypo-eutectic alloy. Whereas the composition of an alloy that lies to the right of the eutectic point in the alloy phase diagram is termed as a hyper-eutectic alloy. The hypereutectic alloy has a composition beyond the eutectic point.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The value of composition of the first solid formed during the solidification needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each phase at 184°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a Freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each phase at 182°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each microconstituent at 182°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a Freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each phase at 25°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a Freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

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A plane wave propagating in the +z direction in medium 1 is normally incident to medium 2 located at the z=0 plane as below. Both mediums are general, characterized by ( ε i, Mi, Ơi ). tot = [ ει μη σ] [ε, μη σε ] Ex Ex tot E₁₂ (z) = Ee Ex z=0 From conservation of energy: P₁AV'(z=0) + Piav'(z=0) = P2av²(z=0). Using the above show for lossless media that: ( 1 - ||²) = (1/M2 )|T|² .

A plane wave propagating in the +z direction in medium 1 is normally incident to medium 2 located at the z=0 plane as below. Both mediums are general, characterized by ( ε i, Hi, σ¡ ). [ ει μη σ] Ex [ ει μη ση ] Ex tot E₁₂ (z) = E'₁e¹² -122 E(z) = Ee+ E₁₁₁² E₁x z=0 1. Specify the electric field reflection coefficient г and transmission coefficient T: E ΓΔ E E TA EL 2. Show that T=1+г. Can the transmitted electric field amplitude in region 2 be LARGER than the incident electric field amplitude? 3. Determine expressions for P₁AV'(z), PIAV'(z) and P2AV'(z) (note the sign for the reflected power direction should be (-z).

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.20P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the alloy is hypoeutectic or hypereutectic needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The composition of an alloy that lies to the left of the eutectic point in the alloy phase diagram is termed as a hypo-eutectic alloy. Whereas the composition of an alloy that lies to the right of the eutectic point in the alloy phase diagram is termed as a hyper-eutectic alloy. The hypereutectic alloy has a composition beyond the eutectic point.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The value of composition of the first solid formed during the solidification needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each phase at 184°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a Freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each phase at 182°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each microconstituent at 182°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a Freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each phase at 25°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a Freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.20P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the alloy is hypoeutectic or hypereutectic needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The composition of an alloy that lies to the left of the eutectic point in the alloy phase diagram is termed as a hypo-eutectic alloy. Whereas the composition of an alloy that lies to the right of the eutectic point in the alloy phase diagram is termed as a hyper-eutectic alloy. The hypereutectic alloy has a composition beyond the eutectic point.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The value of composition of the first solid formed during the solidification needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each phase at 184°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a Freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each phase at 182°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each microconstituent at 182°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a Freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each phase at 25°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a Freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.20P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the alloy is hypoeutectic or hypereutectic needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The composition of an alloy that lies to the left of the eutectic point in the alloy phase diagram is termed as a hypo-eutectic alloy. Whereas the composition of an alloy that lies to the right of the eutectic point in the alloy phase diagram is termed as a hyper-eutectic alloy. The hypereutectic alloy has a composition beyond the eutectic point.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The value of composition of the first solid formed during the solidification needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each phase at 184°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a Freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each phase at 182°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each microconstituent at 182°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a Freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each phase at 25°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a Freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

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Answer 5

Chapter 11, Problem 11.20P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the alloy is hypoeutectic or hypereutectic needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The composition of an alloy that lies to the left of the eutectic point in the alloy phase diagram is termed as a hypo-eutectic alloy. Whereas the composition of an alloy that lies to the right of the eutectic point in the alloy phase diagram is termed as a hyper-eutectic alloy. The hypereutectic alloy has a composition beyond the eutectic point.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The value of composition of the first solid formed during the solidification needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each phase at 184°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a Freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each phase at 182°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each microconstituent at 182°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a Freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each phase at 25°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a Freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

Answer 6

Chapter 11, Problem 11.20P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the alloy is hypoeutectic or hypereutectic needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The composition of an alloy that lies to the left of the eutectic point in the alloy phase diagram is termed as a hypo-eutectic alloy. Whereas the composition of an alloy that lies to the right of the eutectic point in the alloy phase diagram is termed as a hyper-eutectic alloy. The hypereutectic alloy has a composition beyond the eutectic point.

Answer 7

Chapter 11, Problem 11.20P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the alloy is hypoeutectic or hypereutectic needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The composition of an alloy that lies to the left of the eutectic point in the alloy phase diagram is termed as a hypo-eutectic alloy. Whereas the composition of an alloy that lies to the right of the eutectic point in the alloy phase diagram is termed as a hyper-eutectic alloy. The hypereutectic alloy has a composition beyond the eutectic point.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The value of composition of the first solid formed during the solidification needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The value of composition of the first solid formed during the solidification needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each phase at 184°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a Freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each phase at 184°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a Freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each phase at 182°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each phase at 182°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each microconstituent at 182°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a Freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each microconstituent at 182°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a Freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

Answer 16

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each phase at 25°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a Freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

Answer 17

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount of each phase at 25°C needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification process is also known as a Freezing process which is a phase change of matter. The phase change of matter that results in the production of the solid phase. Regularly, this occurs when the temperature of the liquid is lowered below the freezing point. Undercooling of liquids takes place in the process of solidification. Solidification can yield metastable product structures at high undercooling. The constituents of the metastable products are the result of kinetic competition.

Answer 18

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Answer 29

Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.1P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.2P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.3P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.4P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.5P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.6P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.7P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.8P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.9P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the composition of an alloy that lies to the left of the eutectic point in the alloy phase diagram is termed hypo-eutectic. The value of composition obtained during the solidification is 1

Chapter 11 Solutions