(a) Interpretation: The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified. Concept introduction: Addition of H 2 O to an alkyne resembles similar to the acid-catalyzed addition of H 2 O to an alkene . In the presence of strong acid or Hg 2+ catalyst, the elements of H 2 O add to the triple bond, an initial addition product of an enol is formed, which is an unstable product and rearranges to a product containing a carbonyl group-that is, a C=O. A carbonyl compound having two alkyl groups bonded to the C=O carbon is called a ketone product as shown below in the fig.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.38P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Addition of H₂O to an alkyne resembles similar to the acid-catalyzed addition of H₂O to an alkene. In the presence of strong acid or Hg²⁺catalyst, the elements of H₂O add to the triple bond, an initial addition product of an enol is formed, which is an unstable product and rearranges to a product containing a carbonyl group-that is, a C=O. A carbonyl compound having two alkyl groups bonded to the C=O carbon is called a ketone product as shown below in the fig.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Addition of 1. R₂BHand 2. H₂O_2, OH^- reagent to an alkyne is a hydroboration-oxidation reaction to form the keto product as shown below in the fig. Addition of borane forms an organoborane. Oxidation with basic H20 2 forms an enol. Tautomerization of the enol forms a carbonyl compound. The overall result is addition of H₂O to a triple bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reaction between the 3-hexyne and HBr reagent is an example of electrophilic addition. The alkynes undergoes addition reaction because of pi bond in them. The electrophilic end of the reagent is attracted to the electron rich triple bond. It is a sequential reaction in which the addition of the reagent to alkyne to alkene which then addition of one more equivalent reagent to form the four new bond as alkane product as shown below in the fig.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Terminal alkynes are readily converted into acetylide anions using the strong bases such as NaNH₂ and NaH. These anions are strong nucleophiles, capable of reacting with electrophiles such as alkyl halides and epoxides by nucleophilic substitution reaction is shown below in the fig.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.38P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Addition of H₂O to an alkyne resembles similar to the acid-catalyzed addition of H₂O to an alkene. In the presence of strong acid or Hg²⁺catalyst, the elements of H₂O add to the triple bond, an initial addition product of an enol is formed, which is an unstable product and rearranges to a product containing a carbonyl group-that is, a C=O. A carbonyl compound having two alkyl groups bonded to the C=O carbon is called a ketone product as shown below in the fig.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Addition of 1. R₂BHand 2. H₂O_2, OH^- reagent to an alkyne is a hydroboration-oxidation reaction to form the keto product as shown below in the fig. Addition of borane forms an organoborane. Oxidation with basic H20 2 forms an enol. Tautomerization of the enol forms a carbonyl compound. The overall result is addition of H₂O to a triple bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reaction between the 3-hexyne and HBr reagent is an example of electrophilic addition. The alkynes undergoes addition reaction because of pi bond in them. The electrophilic end of the reagent is attracted to the electron rich triple bond. It is a sequential reaction in which the addition of the reagent to alkyne to alkene which then addition of one more equivalent reagent to form the four new bond as alkane product as shown below in the fig.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Terminal alkynes are readily converted into acetylide anions using the strong bases such as NaNH₂ and NaH. These anions are strong nucleophiles, capable of reacting with electrophiles such as alkyl halides and epoxides by nucleophilic substitution reaction is shown below in the fig.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.38P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Addition of H₂O to an alkyne resembles similar to the acid-catalyzed addition of H₂O to an alkene. In the presence of strong acid or Hg²⁺catalyst, the elements of H₂O add to the triple bond, an initial addition product of an enol is formed, which is an unstable product and rearranges to a product containing a carbonyl group-that is, a C=O. A carbonyl compound having two alkyl groups bonded to the C=O carbon is called a ketone product as shown below in the fig.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Addition of 1. R₂BHand 2. H₂O_2, OH^- reagent to an alkyne is a hydroboration-oxidation reaction to form the keto product as shown below in the fig. Addition of borane forms an organoborane. Oxidation with basic H20 2 forms an enol. Tautomerization of the enol forms a carbonyl compound. The overall result is addition of H₂O to a triple bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reaction between the 3-hexyne and HBr reagent is an example of electrophilic addition. The alkynes undergoes addition reaction because of pi bond in them. The electrophilic end of the reagent is attracted to the electron rich triple bond. It is a sequential reaction in which the addition of the reagent to alkyne to alkene which then addition of one more equivalent reagent to form the four new bond as alkane product as shown below in the fig.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Terminal alkynes are readily converted into acetylide anions using the strong bases such as NaNH₂ and NaH. These anions are strong nucleophiles, capable of reacting with electrophiles such as alkyl halides and epoxides by nucleophilic substitution reaction is shown below in the fig.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.38P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Addition of H₂O to an alkyne resembles similar to the acid-catalyzed addition of H₂O to an alkene. In the presence of strong acid or Hg²⁺catalyst, the elements of H₂O add to the triple bond, an initial addition product of an enol is formed, which is an unstable product and rearranges to a product containing a carbonyl group-that is, a C=O. A carbonyl compound having two alkyl groups bonded to the C=O carbon is called a ketone product as shown below in the fig.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Addition of 1. R₂BHand 2. H₂O_2, OH^- reagent to an alkyne is a hydroboration-oxidation reaction to form the keto product as shown below in the fig. Addition of borane forms an organoborane. Oxidation with basic H20 2 forms an enol. Tautomerization of the enol forms a carbonyl compound. The overall result is addition of H₂O to a triple bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reaction between the 3-hexyne and HBr reagent is an example of electrophilic addition. The alkynes undergoes addition reaction because of pi bond in them. The electrophilic end of the reagent is attracted to the electron rich triple bond. It is a sequential reaction in which the addition of the reagent to alkyne to alkene which then addition of one more equivalent reagent to form the four new bond as alkane product as shown below in the fig.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Terminal alkynes are readily converted into acetylide anions using the strong bases such as NaNH₂ and NaH. These anions are strong nucleophiles, capable of reacting with electrophiles such as alkyl halides and epoxides by nucleophilic substitution reaction is shown below in the fig.

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Answer 5

Chapter 11, Problem 11.38P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Addition of H₂O to an alkyne resembles similar to the acid-catalyzed addition of H₂O to an alkene. In the presence of strong acid or Hg²⁺catalyst, the elements of H₂O add to the triple bond, an initial addition product of an enol is formed, which is an unstable product and rearranges to a product containing a carbonyl group-that is, a C=O. A carbonyl compound having two alkyl groups bonded to the C=O carbon is called a ketone product as shown below in the fig.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Addition of 1. R₂BHand 2. H₂O_2, OH^- reagent to an alkyne is a hydroboration-oxidation reaction to form the keto product as shown below in the fig. Addition of borane forms an organoborane. Oxidation with basic H20 2 forms an enol. Tautomerization of the enol forms a carbonyl compound. The overall result is addition of H₂O to a triple bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reaction between the 3-hexyne and HBr reagent is an example of electrophilic addition. The alkynes undergoes addition reaction because of pi bond in them. The electrophilic end of the reagent is attracted to the electron rich triple bond. It is a sequential reaction in which the addition of the reagent to alkyne to alkene which then addition of one more equivalent reagent to form the four new bond as alkane product as shown below in the fig.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Terminal alkynes are readily converted into acetylide anions using the strong bases such as NaNH₂ and NaH. These anions are strong nucleophiles, capable of reacting with electrophiles such as alkyl halides and epoxides by nucleophilic substitution reaction is shown below in the fig.

Answer 6

Chapter 11, Problem 11.38P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Addition of H₂O to an alkyne resembles similar to the acid-catalyzed addition of H₂O to an alkene. In the presence of strong acid or Hg²⁺catalyst, the elements of H₂O add to the triple bond, an initial addition product of an enol is formed, which is an unstable product and rearranges to a product containing a carbonyl group-that is, a C=O. A carbonyl compound having two alkyl groups bonded to the C=O carbon is called a ketone product as shown below in the fig.

Answer 7

Chapter 11, Problem 11.38P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Addition of H₂O to an alkyne resembles similar to the acid-catalyzed addition of H₂O to an alkene. In the presence of strong acid or Hg²⁺catalyst, the elements of H₂O add to the triple bond, an initial addition product of an enol is formed, which is an unstable product and rearranges to a product containing a carbonyl group-that is, a C=O. A carbonyl compound having two alkyl groups bonded to the C=O carbon is called a ketone product as shown below in the fig.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Addition of 1. R₂BHand 2. H₂O_2, OH^- reagent to an alkyne is a hydroboration-oxidation reaction to form the keto product as shown below in the fig. Addition of borane forms an organoborane. Oxidation with basic H20 2 forms an enol. Tautomerization of the enol forms a carbonyl compound. The overall result is addition of H₂O to a triple bond.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Addition of 1. R₂BHand 2. H₂O_2, OH^- reagent to an alkyne is a hydroboration-oxidation reaction to form the keto product as shown below in the fig. Addition of borane forms an organoborane. Oxidation with basic H20 2 forms an enol. Tautomerization of the enol forms a carbonyl compound. The overall result is addition of H₂O to a triple bond.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reaction between the 3-hexyne and HBr reagent is an example of electrophilic addition. The alkynes undergoes addition reaction because of pi bond in them. The electrophilic end of the reagent is attracted to the electron rich triple bond. It is a sequential reaction in which the addition of the reagent to alkyne to alkene which then addition of one more equivalent reagent to form the four new bond as alkane product as shown below in the fig.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reaction between the 3-hexyne and HBr reagent is an example of electrophilic addition. The alkynes undergoes addition reaction because of pi bond in them. The electrophilic end of the reagent is attracted to the electron rich triple bond. It is a sequential reaction in which the addition of the reagent to alkyne to alkene which then addition of one more equivalent reagent to form the four new bond as alkane product as shown below in the fig.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Terminal alkynes are readily converted into acetylide anions using the strong bases such as NaNH₂ and NaH. These anions are strong nucleophiles, capable of reacting with electrophiles such as alkyl halides and epoxides by nucleophilic substitution reaction is shown below in the fig.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The reagent that is needed to convert to each of the compound needs to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Terminal alkynes are readily converted into acetylide anions using the strong bases such as NaNH₂ and NaH. These anions are strong nucleophiles, capable of reacting with electrophiles such as alkyl halides and epoxides by nucleophilic substitution reaction is shown below in the fig.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 11 - Draw structures for the three alkynes having...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.2P Ch. 11 - Give the IUPAC name for each compound.Ch. 11 - Give the structures corresponding to each of the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.5P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.6P Ch. 11 - Which bases can deprotonate acetylene? The pKa...Ch. 11 - Draw the organic products formed when each alkyne...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.9P Ch. 11 - Problem 11.9 Draw the products formed when is...

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