Chapter 11, Problem 11.28E

Classify each of the following compounds as a normal alkane or a branched alkane:

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The alkane $\text{2-methyl}\text{propane}$ is to be classified as normal alkane or a branched alkane.

Concept introduction:

Alkanes are acyclic saturated hydrocarbons. They are also known as the paraffin. The alkanes contain singly bonded carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. The alkanes have general formula ${\text{C}}_n{\text{H}}_{2n+2}$, where $n$ is the number of carbon atoms.

Answer to Problem 11.28E

The compound, $\text{2-methyl}\text{propane}$ is a branched alkane.

Explanation of Solution

The alkane is shown below.

Figure 1

Branched alkanes do not have linear structure and they have alkyl substituents. In the above compound, $\text{2-methyl}\text{propane}$, methyl group is substituted on the second carbon atom. Therefore, it is a branched alkane.

Conclusion

The compound, $\text{2-methyl}\text{propane}$ is a branched alkane.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The alkane pentane is to be classified as normal alkane or a branched alkane.

Concept introduction:

Alkanes are acyclic saturated hydrocarbons. They are also known as the paraffin. The alkanes contain singly bonded carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. The alkanes have general formula ${\text{C}}_n{\text{H}}_{2n+2}$, where $n$ is the number of carbon atoms.

Answer to Problem 11.28E

The compound, pentane is a normal alkane.

Explanation of Solution

The alkane is shown below.

Figure 2

Normal alkanes have linear structure and have no alkyl substituents attached to it. The above compound, pentane has linear structure and has no alkyl substituents. Therefore, it is a normal alkane.

Conclusion

The compound, pentane is a normal alkane.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The alkane butane is to be classified as normal alkane or a branched alkane.

Concept introduction:

Alkanes are acyclic saturated hydrocarbons. They are also known as the paraffin. The alkanes contain singly bonded carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. The alkanes have general formula ${\text{C}}_n{\text{H}}_{2n+2}$, where $n$ is the number of carbon atoms.

Answer to Problem 11.28E

The compound, butane is a normal alkane.

Explanation of Solution

The alkane is shown below.

Figure 3

Normal alkanes have linear structure and have no alkyl substituents attached to it. The above compound, butane has linear structure and has no alkyl substituents. Therefore, it is a normal alkane.

Conclusion

The compound, butane is a normal alkane.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The alkane pentane is to be classified as normal alkane or a branched alkane.

Concept introduction:

Alkanes are acyclic saturated hydrocarbons. They are also known as the paraffin. The alkanes contain singly bonded carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. The alkanes have general formula ${\text{C}}_n{\text{H}}_{2n+2}$, where $n$ is the number of carbon atoms.

Answer to Problem 11.28E

The compound, pentane is a normal alkane.

Explanation of Solution

The alkane is shown below.

Figure 4

Normal alkanes have linear structure and have no alkyl substituents attached to it. The above compound, pentane has linear structure and has no alkyl substituents. Therefore, it is a normal alkane.

Conclusion

The compound, pentane is a normal alkane.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The alkane $\text{2-methyl}\text{pentane}$ is to be classified as normal alkane or a branched alkane.

Concept introduction:

Alkanes are acyclic saturated hydrocarbons. They are also known as the paraffin. The alkanes contain singly bonded carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. The alkanes have general formula ${\text{C}}_n{\text{H}}_{2n+2}$, where $n$ is the number of carbon atoms.

Answer to Problem 11.28E

The compound, $\text{2-methyl}\text{pentane}$ is a branched alkane.

Explanation of Solution

The alkane is shown below.

Figure 5

Branched alkanes do not have linear structure and they have alkyl substituents. In above compound, $\text{2-methyl}\text{pentane}$, methyl group is substituted on the second carbon atom. Therefore, it is a branched alkane.

Conclusion

The compound, $\text{2-methyl}\text{pentane}$ is a branched alkane.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The alkane $\text{2, 2-dimethyl}\text{butane}$ is to be classified as normal alkane or a branched alkane.

Concept introduction:

Alkanes are acyclic saturated hydrocarbons. They are also known as the paraffin. The alkanes contain singly bonded carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. The alkanes have general formula ${\text{C}}_n{\text{H}}_{2n+2}$, where $n$ is the number of carbon atoms.

Answer to Problem 11.28E

The compound, $\text{2, 2-dimethyl}\text{butane}$ is branched alkane.

Explanation of Solution

The alkane is shown below.

Figure 6

Branched alkanes do not have linear structure and they have alkyl substituents. In the above compound, $\text{2, 2-dimethyl}\text{butane}$, two methyl groups are substituted on the second carbon atom. Therefore, it is a branched alkane.

Conclusion

The compound, $\text{2, 2-dimethyl}\text{butane}$ is branched alkane.