Chapter 11, Problem 11.18E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The complete structure formed by adding hydrogen atoms where needed is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The number of electrons present in the valence shell of carbon atom is $4$. It requires $4$ more electrons to complete its octet. Carbon atom can complete its octet by sharing electrons with four atoms. Therefore, carbon atom can form maximum of four bonds with other atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The complete structure formed by adding hydrogen atoms where needed is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The number of electrons present in the valence shell of carbon atom is $4$. It requires $4$ more electrons to complete its octet. Carbon atom can complete its octet by sharing electrons with four atoms. Therefore, carbon atom can form maximum of four bonds with other atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The complete structure formed by adding hydrogen atoms where needed is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The number of electrons present in the valence shell of carbon atom is $4$. It requires $4$ more electrons to complete its octet. Carbon atom can complete its octet by sharing electrons with four atoms. Therefore, carbon atom can form maximum of four bonds with other atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The complete structure formed by adding hydrogen atoms where needed is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The number of electrons present in the valence shell of carbon atom is $4$. It requires $4$ more electrons to complete its octet. Carbon atom can complete its octet by sharing electrons with four atoms. Therefore, carbon atom can form maximum of four bonds with other atoms.