A line formulas for all primary, secondary, or tertiary free radicals having molecular formula C 5 H 11 are to be drawn and the stable one is to be identified. Concept introduction: A carbon atom with three bonds and one unpaired electron is called a carbon radical. The stability order of a carbon radical is Methyl < Primary < Secondary < Tertiary. The methyl carbon radical is bonded to three hydrogen atoms. The primary carbon radical is bonded to two hydrogen atoms. The secondary carbon radical is bonded to one hydrogen atom. The tertiary carbon radical does not have hydrogen attached. Constitutional isomers having the same molecular formula differ in the order in which their atoms are connected.

Question

3) The following molecule, chloral is a common precursor to chloral hydrate, an acetal type molecule that was a first-generation anesthetic. Draw a mechanism that accounts for tis formation and speculate why it does not require the use of an acid catalyst, like most hemiacetal and acetal reaction: (10 pts) H H₂O

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 10.1, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A line formulas for all primary, secondary, or tertiary free radicals having molecular formula C5H11 are to be drawn and the stable one is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

A carbon atom with three bonds and one unpaired electron is called a carbon radical.

The stability order of a carbon radical is Methyl < Primary < Secondary < Tertiary.

The methyl carbon radical is bonded to three hydrogen atoms.

The primary carbon radical is bonded to two hydrogen atoms.

The secondary carbon radical is bonded to one hydrogen atom.

The tertiary carbon radical does not have hydrogen attached.

Constitutional isomers having the same molecular formula differ in the order in which their atoms are connected.

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3) The following molecule, chloral is a common precursor to chloral hydrate, an acetal type molecule that was a first-generation anesthetic. Draw a mechanism that accounts for tis formation and speculate why it does not require the use of an acid catalyst, like most hemiacetal and acetal reaction: (10 pts) H H₂O

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