Chapter 10, Problem 61IP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents used to accomplish the given transformation should be draw and identified.

Concept Introduction:

Reduction reaction: The alkenes or alkynes can be reduced to alkanes with ${\text{D}}_{\text{2}}$(Deuteration) or ${}^{\text{2}}\text{H}$ hydrogen atom in the presence of metal catalyst $\left({\text{Pd/H}}_{\text{2}}\right)$ (Lindlar’s catalyst). The new $\text{C-H σ}$ bonds are formed simultaneously from $\text{H}$ atoms absorbed into the metal surface.

Soda amide: The strong base of ${\text{NaNH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{/NH}}_{\text{3}}$ will deprotonates the alkynes, alcohols and other organic functional groups with acidic protons such as asters and ketones. It is a strong base and excellent nucleophile. It is used to deprotonate the weak acids and also used for elimination reaction.

Birch Reduction: The conjugated alkynes or benzene in the presence of sodium metal in liquid ammonia which produce a non-conjugated system is called birch reduction. The alkyne involves sodium $\left(\text{Na}\right){\text{/NH}}_{\text{3}}$. This end up in reducing the alkyne to Trans (E) alkene.

Landlar catalyst: