Chapter 10.11, Problem 34PTS

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The selective reagents used to accomplish the given each target molecule transformations should be draw and identified.

Concept Introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

Halogenation (X₂): The addition of halogen atoms to a $\text{π-}$ conjunction system. The several unsaturated organic compounds like, alkenes, alkynes and cyclohexenes that has one double bond is halogenated, the resulting molecules is completely saturated or halogenated.

Sodium amide ( ${\text{NaNH}}_{\text{2}}$): The strong base of ${\text{NaNH}}_{\text{2}}$ will deprotonate alkynes, alcohols and other organic functional groups with acidic protons such as esters and ketones. It is also a very strong nucleophile. It is a strong base and excellent nucleophile. It’s used deprotonated of weak acids and also for elimination reaction.

Markovnikov addition: The addition reaction of parotic acids to a different alkene or alkyne, the hydrogen atom of $\text{H-X}$ becomes bonded to the carbon atom that the greatest number of hydrogen atoms in the starting alkene or alkyne.