Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The chain reaction mechanism for the formation of
Concept introduction:
Radical halogenation is the reaction in which hydrogen atoms of
At normal temperature and pressure, chlorine and methane do not react with each other. The reaction is initiated by light or heat. When exposed to light,
The reaction that is initiated by light is more efficient because a very small amount of light photons allows a large number of products to be formed.
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Organic Chemistry
- 9. (a) Under certain conditions, the reaction of 0.5 M 1-bromobutane with 1.0 M sodium methoxide forms 1-methoxybutane at a rate of 0.05 mol/L per second. What would be the rate if 0.1 M 1-bromobutane and 2.0 M NaOCH3 were used? (b) Consider the reaction of 1-bromobutane with a large excess of ammonia (NH3). Draw the reactants, the transition state, and the products. Note that the initial product is the salt of an amine (RNH* Br) which is deprotonated by the excess ammonia to give the amine. (c) Show another SN2 reaction using a different combination of an alkoxide and an alkyl bromide that also produces 1-methoxybutane.arrow_forwardAnswer the following questions regarding the nucleophilic substitution reaction shown below: CH3CH2CH2-Br + I- ------> CH3CH2CH2I + Br- (a) Write the rate law for this reaction assuming that it is a one step reaction that is first order in each of the reactants. (b) Holding the concentration of the iodide ion constant, what change would be observed in the rate if the concentration of the n- propyl bromide was tripled? (b) Assume that this is an exothermic reaction, draw the energy profile and identify the location of the transition state. (c) Draw the transition state for this reaction. (d) What change is observed for the entropy of the system during this reaction? (e) Show the likely mechanism of this reaction using the proper curved arrowsarrow_forward(a) Give the names of reagents and conditions for each of the reactions I and IIarrow_forward
- Imagine that phenol (“hydroxybenzene”) and nitrobenzene are reacted (in separate beakers) with a hot solution containing both concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid. A) In analyzing the products, you discover that the substitution pattern resulting from the reaction with phenol differs from the reaction with nitrobenzene. Explain this difference in substitution patterns using one or more judiciously selected reaction mechanisms or portions of mechanisms.arrow_forwardBoth questions related to each other. Need solution for both with explanationarrow_forward2. (a) (b) OUTLINE, using suitable mechanisms, how each of the following conversions is achieved. In each case, you should indicate the reagents to be used and show ALL intermediate compounds. Each arrow may represent one or more than one step. CH3CH₂Br (C6H5)3P CHCH3 H CH3 ——-||- H- (C₂H₂)₂N- H H CH,CH,CHO -CHO H₂C CH3 CHCH3arrow_forward
- 7.) Carbocations are high energy intermediates in organic synthesis that are open-shelled carbon atoms. In the reaction below (a) we see that carbocations are also excellent Lewis acids, readily accepting a water molecule to form the product isopropanol. Given this, explain why when reaction (b) was set up, there were two regioisomeric products formed? Please draw a Lewis acid base reaction mechanism with arrows to justify your answer. H20 H OH H3CO CH3 H3C CH3 a.) carbocation Product open-shell H H20 Н. ОН b.) H3C H3C H3C and HO, ČH3 ČH3 ČH3arrow_forwardThis is an organic chemistry question. PLEASE SHOW STEP BY STEP! ALSO PLEASE INCLUDE ALL ELECTRON LONE PAIRS AND CHARGES FOR STRUCTURES IF NECESSARY! Make sure you include a detailed explanation of your answer.arrow_forward] The reaction of 2-bromopropane and sodium ethoxide in ethanol reacts 6.7 times faster than 2-bromo-1-deuteriopropane under the same conditions. Explain what mechanism this data is consistent with, and whyarrow_forward
- Using the curved arrow convention, write a detailed, step-by-step mechanism for the reaction of 2-methyl-2-butanol with HCl to produce 2-chloro-2-methylbutane and water. Label the rate-determining step and state the reaction type. How would doubling the concentration of HCl affect the rate of this reaction in 1A? Write the rate equation for this reaction.arrow_forwardthe question is from Solomon's organic chemistry 11th edition book.arrow_forward1) 1-bromobutane will undergo reactions when heated, as shown by reactions A and B CH3CH2CH2CH2Br A B CH3CH2CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH=CH2 a)For reactions A and B give the reagents used in each case.b)Reaction A was repeated using 1-iodobutane instead of 1-bromobutane, Explain any difference in therate of reaction observed.C)What type of organic reaction is A?d) Show the mechanism for reaction Ae)Reaction A was repeated with 2-bromo-2-methylpropane instead of 1-bromobutane.i)Name the organic compound formedii) The mechanism of the reaction with 2-bromo-2-methylpropane differs from the mechanism ofreaction A. Describe how the mechanisms differ.f)What type of reaction is B?g)If reaction B was repeated with 2-bromobutane, name the other organic products that can form aswell…arrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning