Interpretation:
The structures for all the organic products that would result when excess of
Concept Introduction:
The compounds that have the same molecular formula of atoms but the structure of the compounds are different for the positions of atoms are called isomers.
In double bond or cyclic compounds, if two same
If the two functional groups are present on the different sides of the double bond or cyclic compound, the given compound can be labeled as Trans.
Cis-trans isomerism exists in the compounds in which similar groups are present on the adjacent carbon atoms.
Chair conformations: It is the most stable conformation, which accurately shows the spatial arrangement of atoms.
Equatorial bonds are parallel to the average plane of the ring, while axial bonds are perpendicular to the average plane of the ring.
The conformation having bonds at the equatorial positions are more stable than those with bonds at the axial position.
On flipping the cyclohexane ring, axial bonds become equatorial bonds and equatorial bonds becomes axial bond.
Bulkier group acquires equatorial positions to form stable conformer due to steric factors.
A type of halogenation in which
Homolytic fission is that fission in which each atom in the bond has an electron which results in species called free radical.
In heterolytic fission, when covalent bond is broken, the shared pair of electron is taken by one of the atoms.
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Organic Chemistry
- An unknown hydrocarbon A with the formula C6H12 reacts with 1 molar equivalent of H2 over a palladium catalyst. Hydrocarbon A also reacts with OsO4 to give diol B. When oxidized with KMnO4 in acidic solution, A gives two fragments. One fragment is propanoic acid, CH3CH2CO2H, and the other fragment is ketone C. What are the structures of A, B, and C? Write all reactions, and show your reasoning.arrow_forward(a) Write the IUPAC names of the following compounds :(i) CH3CO(CH2)4CH3 (ii) Ph — CH = CH — CHO(b) Describe the following conversions in not more than two steps :(i) Ethanol to 3-Hydroxybutanal (ii) Benzoic acid to m-Nitrobenzyl alcohol(iii) Propanone to Propenearrow_forwardDraw the structure of (R)-3-chloro-3-methylhexane. Use wedges and dashes to clearly indicate stereochemistry.arrow_forward
- Write an equation to show the proton transfer between each alkene or cycloalkene and HCl. Where two carbocations are possible, show each. (a) CH,CH,CH=CHCH, (b) 2-Pentene Cyclohexenearrow_forward3 Ethers (general formula R—O—R,) have many important uses. Until recently, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE, below) was used as an octane booster and fuel additive for gasoline. It increases the oxygen content of the fuel, which reduces CO emissions. MTBE is synthesized by the catalyzed reaction of 2-methylpropene with methanol.(a) Write a balanced equation for the synthesis of MTBE. (Hint: Alcohols add to alkenes similarly to the way water does.)arrow_forward21.) Calculate the enthalpy of hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane from the following reactions A,H (kJ/mol) C6H6 (1) + 15/2 02 (g) → 6 CO2 (g) + 3 H20 (1) C6H12 (1) + 9 02 (g) → 6 CO2 (g) + 6 H20 (1) H2 (g) + ½ 02 (g) → H2O (1) -3268 -3920 -285.83 a.) -205 kJ/mol b.) -1507 kJ/mol c.) -938 kJ/mol d.) -366 kJ/molarrow_forward
- All about Alkene, Alkyne and Alkyl halides(1) Write a complete chemical equation showing reactants, products, and catalysts needed (if any) for the following reaction and (2) Draw and name the organic compound found in every reaction.(a) Complete hydrogenation of 2-Methylhexa-1,5-diene (b) Complete halogenation (Br2) of 3-Ethyl-2,2-dimethylhept-3-ene(c) Reaction of (4E)-2,4-Dimethylhexa-1,4-diene with a mole of waterarrow_forwardTRUE OR FALSE (a) Both ethylene and acetylene are planar molecules. (b) An alkene in which each carbon of the double bond has two different groups bonded to it will show cis-trans isomerism. (c) Cis-trans isomers have the same molecular formula but a different connectivity of their atoms. (d) Cis-2-butene and trans -2-butene can be interconverted by rotation about the carbon–carbon double bond. (e) Cis-trans isomerism is possible only among appropriately substituted alkenes. (f) Both 2-hexene and 3-hexene can exist as pairs of cis-trans isomers. (g) Cyclohexene can exist as a pair of cis-trans isomers. (h) 1-Chloropropene can exist as a pair of cis-trans isomers.arrow_forward(a) Alkenes are relatively stable compounds but are more reactive than alkanes and serve as a feedstock for the petrochemical industry because they can participate in a wide variety of reactions. Predict the products obtained from following reaction. Write the chemical reaction and name the products according to IUPAC system. (i) the reaction of 3-ethyl-3-methyl-1-pentene with hydrogen bromide (ii) the reaction of 3-ethyl-2-pentene with hydrogen bromidearrow_forward
- Write structural formulas for compounds that meet the following descriptions:(a) An alkene, C6H12, that cannot have cis–trans isomersand whose longest chain is 5 carbons long(b) An alkene with a chemical formula of C10H12 that hascis–trans isomers and contains a benzene ring.arrow_forwardPhotochemical chlorination of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane gives four isomeric monochlorides. (a) Write structural formulas for these four isomers. (b) The two primary chlorides make up 65% of the monochloride fraction. Assuming that all the primary hydrogens in 2,2,4-trimethylpentane are equally reactive, estimate the percentage of each of the two primary chlorides in the product mixture.arrow_forward(a) Write an equation involving structural formulas forthe catalytic cracking of 2,2,3,4,5,5-hexamethylhexane. Assume that the cracking occurs between carbon atoms 3 and 4.(b) Draw and name one other isomer of the alkene.arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning