The reason for the fact that peroxides are especially effective as radical initiators is to be explained. Also, the mechanism for the reaction representing how it could be initiated by di-tert-butyl peroxide is to be written. Concept Introduction: Peroxides are the class of compounds in which two oxygen atoms are joined together by a single covalent bond. In the free radical mechanism of the peroxide, the free radicals produced by an oxygen-oxygen bond initiate the chain. Then, a hydrogen atom is extracted by these free radicals to produce an alkyl radical which attacks bromine molecule.

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Answer 1

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Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 10, Problem 24P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for the fact that peroxides are especially effective as radical initiators is to be explained. Also, the mechanism for the reaction representing how it could be initiated by di-tert-butyl peroxide is to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Peroxides are the class of compounds in which two oxygen atoms are joined together by a single covalent bond.

In the free radical mechanism of the peroxide, the free radicals produced by an oxygen-oxygen bond initiate the chain.

Then, a hydrogen atom is extracted by these free radicals to produce an alkyl radical which attacks bromine molecule.

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(b) Addition of HBr to the alkene in the presence of peroxide form radical intermediates. Based on the following reaction, use the curved arrows to HBr B (preferred product) ROOR (i) show the initiation step of this reaction. (ii) draw the possible structures of the two radicals formed in the propagation step. (ii) explain the formation of the preferred product B.

Resveratrol is an antioxidant found in the skin of red grapes. Its anticancer, anti-inammatory, and various cardiovascular effects are under active investigation. (a) Draw all resonance structures for the radical that results from homolysis of the OH bond shown in red. (b) Explain why homolysis of this OH bond is preferred to homolysis of either OH bond in the other benzene ring.

Resveratrol is an antioxidant found in the skin of red grapes. Its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and various cardiovascular effects are under active investigation. (a) Draw all resonance structures for the radical that results from homolysis of the OH bond shown in red. (b) Explain why homolysis of this OH bond is preferred to homolysis of either OH bond in the other benzene ring.

Answer 2

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 10, Problem 24P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for the fact that peroxides are especially effective as radical initiators is to be explained. Also, the mechanism for the reaction representing how it could be initiated by di-tert-butyl peroxide is to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Peroxides are the class of compounds in which two oxygen atoms are joined together by a single covalent bond.

In the free radical mechanism of the peroxide, the free radicals produced by an oxygen-oxygen bond initiate the chain.

Then, a hydrogen atom is extracted by these free radicals to produce an alkyl radical which attacks bromine molecule.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 3

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 10, Problem 24P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for the fact that peroxides are especially effective as radical initiators is to be explained. Also, the mechanism for the reaction representing how it could be initiated by di-tert-butyl peroxide is to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Peroxides are the class of compounds in which two oxygen atoms are joined together by a single covalent bond.

In the free radical mechanism of the peroxide, the free radicals produced by an oxygen-oxygen bond initiate the chain.

Then, a hydrogen atom is extracted by these free radicals to produce an alkyl radical which attacks bromine molecule.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 10, Problem 24P

Interpretation Introduction