Organic Chemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781118875766
Author: T. W. Graham Solomons, Craig B. Fryhle, Scott A. Snyder
Publisher: WILEY
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 10, Problem 38P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The radical mechanism for the given reaction is to be represented.
Concept introduction:
Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles, which accept electron pair.
Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles, which donate electron pair.
Radical is an atom or molecule that has an unpaired valence electron. These unpaired electrons makes radical highly chemically reactive.
Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.
Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.
Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.
Reduction is a process in which hydrogen atoms are added to a compound.
Homolytic fission is that fission in which each atom in the bond has an electron, which results in species called free radical.
In heterolytic fission, when covalent bond is broken, the shared pair of electron is taken by one of the atoms.
A type of halogenation in which
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Analyze the different substitution products formed in case of furan when it is reacted with iodine. Write the reaction mechanism involved when furan reacted with iodine and evaluate the formation of products.
Please answer the following: Cyclopropyl chloride can be prepared by the radical chlorination of cyclopropane,
Write an overall equation for the reaction
Suggest suitable reaction condition
Write a stepwise mechanism for the radical halogenation reaction.
Substitutions on aromatic rings are generally carried out by electrophilic substitution, but for the synthesis of phenolic compounds and alkoxy benzene it is carried out by nucleophilic substitution, explain why this is so .
Chapter 10 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 10 - Prob. 1PPCh. 10 - Prob. 2PPCh. 10 - Practice Problem 10.3 How would the molecular ion...Ch. 10 - Prob. 4PPCh. 10 - Prob. 5PPCh. 10 - Prob. 6PPCh. 10 - Practice Problem 10.7 Chlorination reactions of...Ch. 10 - Prob. 8PPCh. 10 - Prob. 9PPCh. 10 - Prob. 10PP
Ch. 10 - Prob. 11PPCh. 10 - Practice Problem 10.12 Benzylic radicals, due to...Ch. 10 - Prob. 13PPCh. 10 - Practice Problem 10.14 Show how the following...Ch. 10 - Prob. 15PPCh. 10 - Prob. 16PPCh. 10 - Prob. 17PPCh. 10 - Prob. 18PCh. 10 - Explain the relative distribution of produces...Ch. 10 - 10.20 Which of the following compounds can be...Ch. 10 - Prob. 21PCh. 10 - Prob. 22PCh. 10 - Prob. 23PCh. 10 - Prob. 24PCh. 10 - 10.25 List in order of decreasing stability all of...Ch. 10 - Prob. 26PCh. 10 - Prob. 27PCh. 10 - Prob. 28PCh. 10 - Starting with the compound or compounds indicated...Ch. 10 - Prob. 30PCh. 10 - 10.31 Synthesize each of the following compounds...Ch. 10 - Synthesize each of die following compounds by...Ch. 10 - Prob. 33PCh. 10 - Prob. 34PCh. 10 - Prob. 36PCh. 10 - The halogen atom of an alkyl halide can be...Ch. 10 - Prob. 38PCh. 10 - Prob. 39PCh. 10 - Write a mechanism for the following reaction.Ch. 10 - 10.41 Hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulfate react...Ch. 10 - Prob. 42PCh. 10 - If one were to try to draw the simplest Lewis...Ch. 10 - Prob. 1LGPCh. 10 - 2. (a) Propose a synthesis of 2-methoxypropene...
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Write the mechanism and predict the product for the reaction of cyclohexene with bromine. Make sure that you include the stereochemistry for the reaction in your mechanism. Then describe in detail the appearance of the reactants and products in this reaction. What would be the visible evidence that a reaction took place? Explain paragraph why no color change would occur upon mixing cyclohexanol with a solution of bromine.arrow_forwardThe Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of p-xylene n-propyl bromide can result in an isopropyl as well as n-propyl substitution. A) Write the chemical equation involved in this reaction. B) Which will be the major and minor product? What do you expect will be the ratio of n-propyl to isopropyl substitution for p-xylene?arrow_forwardThe homolysis of the OO bond in diacetyl peroxide gives two acetyl radicals with the Lewis structure The formal charge on this radical is .arrow_forward
- The addition of water to aldehydes and ketones occurs rapidly, although it is not thermodynamically favored. What would be the product for the reaction above? Hint: Think of the self-ionization of water and the polarity of the carbonyl group.arrow_forwardThe reaction of CH3CH2NH3+ Cl− with aqueous sodium hydroxide will give an organic product of?arrow_forwardAlkyl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions. When the kinetics of the reaction are measured, if the rate of the reaction is found to be dependent only upon the concentration of the alkyl halide the reaction is first order. The substitution reaction is thus termed SN1, and the elimination reaction is termed E1. These reactions are unimolecular and occur in two steps. The first step is rate-limiting and involves the loss of the leaving group to form a carbocation. In the second, fast, step the nucleophile adds to the carbocation in the SN1 reaction or elimination occurs to give an alkene in the E1 reaction. Because the carbocation is planar, the nucleophile can add to either face and therefore racemization is usually observed although solvent effects can influence this somewhat. E1 elimination follows Zaitsev’s rule and typically yields the most substituted alkene as the major product. Conditions which favor the SN1/E1 pathway include the use of a weak…arrow_forward
- Alkyl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions. When the kinetics of the reaction are measured, if the rate of the reaction is found to be dependent only upon the concentration of the alkyl halide the reaction is first order. The substitution reaction is thus termed SN1, and the elimination reaction is termed E1. These reactions are unimolecular and occur in two steps. The first step is rate-limiting and involves the loss of the leaving group to form a carbocation. In the second, fast, step the nucleophile adds to the carbocation in the SN1 reaction or elimination occurs to give an alkene in the E1 reaction. Because the carbocation is planar, the nucleophile can add to either face and therefore racemization is usually observed although solvent effects can influence this somewhat. E1 elimination follows Zaitsev’s rule and typically yields the most substituted alkene as the major product. Conditions which favor the SN1/E1 pathway include the use of a weak…arrow_forwardWrite the mechanism for the following reactions. Explain detail each steps of reactions.a) Halogenation of benzene b) Nitration of benzene c) Sulfonation of benzenearrow_forwardElucidate the structure, hybridization, stability order and factors affecting the stability of an organic intermediate which is formed by the homolytic bond breaking.arrow_forward
- The reaction of a phosphonium ylide with a ketone or aldehyde produces an alkene, but, as shown in Problem 17.57, the reaction of a sulfonium ylide produces an epoxide. Explain why. Hint: What is the major driving force for the Wittig reaction to produce an alkene? The S-O bond energy in dimethyl sulfoxide is 362 kJ/mol.arrow_forwardConsider a hypothetical chemical reaction between compound A and compound B, which produces compound C as the final product. The reaction is known to be exothermic and spontaneous. However, when the reaction is carried out under certain conditions, it fails to occur. Explain this observation and propose a potential solution to overcome this hurdle.arrow_forwardQuestion: The Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of p-xylene n-propyl bromide can result in an isopropyl as well as n-propyl substitution. A) Write the chemical equation involved in this reaction. B) Which will be the major and minor product? What do you expect will be the ratio of n-propyl to isopropyl substitution for p-xylene?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580350
Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
Chemistry
ISBN:9780618974122
Author:Andrei Straumanis
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305960060
Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen
Publisher:Cengage Learning