Theory and Design for Mechanical Measurements
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781118881279
Author: Richard S. Figliola, Donald E. Beasley
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 1, Problem 1.30P
Light gates may be used to measure the speed of projectiles, such as arrows shot from a bow. English longbows made of yew in the 1400s achieved launch speeds of 60 m/s. Determine the relationship between the distance between light gates and the accuracy required for sensing the times when the light gate senses the presence of the arrow.
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Problem 2 (55 pts). We now consider the FEM solution of Problem 1.(a) [5pts] Briefly describe the 4 steps necessary to obtain the approximate solution of thatBVP using the Galerkin FEM. Use the minimum amount of math necessary to supportyour explanations.(b) [20pts] Derive the weak form of the BVP.(c) [10pts] Assuming a mesh of two equal elements and linear shape functions, sketch byhand how you expect the FEM solution to look like. Also sketch the analytical solutionfor comparison. In your sketch, identify the nodal degrees of freedom that the FEMsolution seeks to find.(d) [10pts] By analogy with the elastic rod problem and heat conduction problem considered in class, write down the stiffness matrix and force vector for each of the twoelements considered in (c).(e) [10pts] Assemble the global system of equations, and verbally explain how to solve it.
An aluminum rod of length L = 1m has mass density ρ = 2700 kgm3 andYoung’s modulus E = 70GPa. The rod is fixed at both ends. The exactnatural eigenfrequencies of the rod are ωexactn =πnLqEρfor n=1,2,3,. . . .1. What is the minimum number of linear elements necessary todetermine the fundamental frequency ω1 of the system? Discretizethe rod in that many elements of equal length, assemble the globalsystem of equations KU = ω2MU, and find the fundamentalfrequency ω1. Compute the relative error e1 = (ω1 − ωexact1)/ωexact1.Sketch the fundamental mode of vibration.
Chapter 1 Solutions
Theory and Design for Mechanical Measurements
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.1PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.2PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.3PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.4PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.5PCh. 1 - Discuss how the resolution of the display scale of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.7PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.8PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.9PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.10P
Ch. 1 - State the purpose of using randomization methods...Ch. 1 - Provide an example of repetition and replication...Ch. 1 - Develop a test plan that might be used to estimate...Ch. 1 - Develop a test plan that might be used to evaluate...Ch. 1 - A race engine shop has just completed two engines...Ch. 1 - A thermodynamics model assumes that a particular...Ch. 1 - Regarding the Mars Climate Orbiter spacecraft...Ch. 1 - A large batch of carefully made machine shafts can...Ch. 1 - Suggest an approach or approaches to estimate the...Ch. 1 - Suggest a test matrix to evaluate the wear...Ch. 1 - Figure 1.15 Orifice flow meter setup used for...Ch. 1 - The sale of motor fuel is an essential business in...Ch. 1 - Using either the ASME 19.5 or ISO 5167 test...Ch. 1 - A simple thermocouple circuit is formed using two...Ch. 1 - 1.25 A linear variable displacement transducer...Ch. 1 - For the LVDT calibration of the previous problem,...Ch. 1 - A manufacturer wants to quantify the expected...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.28PCh. 1 - As described in a preceding problem, the...Ch. 1 - Light gates may be used to measure the speed of...Ch. 1 - You estimate your car’s fuel use by recording...Ch. 1 - When discussing concomitant methods, we used the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.33PCh. 1 - For the strain gauge calibration of the previous...Ch. 1 - The acceleration of a cart down a plane inclined...Ch. 1 - In general, what is meant by the term “standard”?...Ch. 1 - A common scenario: An engineer has two pencil-...Ch. 1 - Explain the potential differences in the following...Ch. 1 - Research the following test standards and codes....Ch. 1 - A hotel chain based in the United States contracts...Ch. 1 - Test code ASTM 558-13 allows for the comparison of...Ch. 1 - Suggest a reasonable number of significant digits...Ch. 1 - Using spreadsheet software (such as Microsoft...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.44PCh. 1 - Round the following numbers to 3 significant...Ch. 1 - Express the result, rounding to an appropriate num...Ch. 1 - Express the result by rounding to an appropriate...Ch. 1 - A car’s speed is determined by the time it takes...Ch. 1 - How much error could you tolerate in (1) book...Ch. 1 - Apply the guidelines to determine the number of...Ch. 1 - Using a tape measure having 1 mm graduations, the...Ch. 1 - Show how the following functions can be...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.53PCh. 1 - For the calibration data of Table 1.5, determine...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.55PCh. 1 - Each of the following equations can be represented...Ch. 1 - Plot y = 10e“° 5x volts on in semilog format (use...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.58PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.59P
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- Problem 1 (65 pts, suggested time 50 mins). An elastic string of constant line tension1T is pinned at x = 0 and x = L. A constant distributed vertical force per unit length p(with units N/m) is applied to the string. Under this force, the string deflects by an amountv(x) from its undeformed (horizontal) state, as shown in the figure below.The PDE describing mechanical equilibrium for the string isddx Tdvdx− p = 0 . (1)(a) [5pts] Identify the BCs for the string and identify their type (essential/natural). Writedown the strong-form BVP for the string, including PDE and BCs.(b) [10pts] Find the analytical solution of the BVP in (a). Compute the exact deflectionof the midpoint v(L/2).(c) [15pts] Derive the weak-form BVP.(d) [5pts] What is the minimum number of linear elements necessary to compute the deflection of the midpoint?(e) [15pts] Write down the element stiffness matrix and the element force vector for eachelement.arrow_forwardProblem 1 (35 pts). An elastic string of constant line tension1 T is pinned at x = 0 andx = L. A constant distributed vertical force per unit length p (with units N/m) is appliedto the string. Under this force, the string deflects by an amount v(x) from its undeformed(horizontal) state, as shown in the figure below.Force equilibrium in the string requires thatdfdx − p = 0 , (1)where f(x) is the internal vertical force in the string, which is given byf = Tdvdx . (2)(a) [10pts] Write down the BVP (strong form) that the string deflection v(x) must satisfy.(b) [2pts] What order is the governing PDE in the BVP of (a)?(c) [3pts] Identify the type (essential/natural) of each boundary condition in (a).(d) [20pts] Find the analytical solution of the BVP in (a).arrow_forwardProblem 2 (25 pts, (suggested time 15 mins). An elastic string of line tension T andmass per unit length µ is pinned at x = 0 and x = L. The string is free to vibrate, and itsfirst vibration mode is shown below.In order to find the frequency of the first mode (or fundamental frequency), the string isdiscretized into a certain number of linear elements. The stiffness and mass matrices of thei-th element are, respectivelyESMi =TLi1 −1−1 1 EMMi =Liµ62 11 2 . (2)(a) [5pts] What is the minimum number of linear elements necessary to compute the fundamental frequency of the vibrating string?(b) [20pts] Assemble the global eigenvalue problem and find the fundamental frequency ofvibration of the stringarrow_forward
- I need part all parts please in detail (including f)arrow_forwardProblem 3 (10 pts, suggested time 5 mins). In class we considered the mutiphysics problem of thermal stresses in a rod. When using linear shape functions, we found that the stress in the rod is affected by unphysical oscillations like in the following plot E*(ux-a*T) 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 -5000 -10000 0 Line Graph: E*(ux-a*T) MULT 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Arc length (a) [10pts] What is the origin of this issue and how can we fix it?arrow_forwardanswer the questions and explain all of it in words. Ignore where it says screencast and in class explanationarrow_forward
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